Yayiyini sici umkhakha post-kabusha? Imiphumela Main inguquko kwezezimboni

Ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa-izinguquko besihambisana nesiminyaminya ukuvela, ubudlelwane entsha zama-Capitalist. Ukuqedwa serfdom futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kwekuhlela kabusha kwavula indlela setingucuko kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila kwezomnotho. Lokho babevamile ukuthuthukiswa post-kwezinguquko umkhakha eMbusweni isiRashiya, kafushane ezichazwe kulesi sihloko.

Ukuthuthukiswa INGEMUVA Imboni

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX izinguquko kwezezimboni komnikelo kwakucishe kuphelele. Russian Empire ijubane okukhulu nakakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwayo kwezomnotho, ivolumu ukukhiqizwa yezimboni anda kasikhombisa kuqhathaniswa ne maphakathi nekhulu le-. Into esemqoka ukuthi babevamile ukuthuthukiswa post-kwezinguquko umkhakha tibalwe lapha ngentasi:

- eshibhile angisebenzi. Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa ukuqedwa serfdom e Russian Empire, uquqaba lwezingelosi abalimi eyayinecilongo inkululeko yomuntu siqu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo babengenalo lawela impahla. Befuna abantu sika yokuziphilisa mass bathuthela ezindaweni lapho bangaphila bese uhola. Ngakho eduze amabhizinisi ezinkulu ezimbonini wadala idolobha elisha.

- kwekuhlela kabusha eziningi zomnotho ukuthi sewenze umnotho evulekile futhi kukhanga ukuba zimali angaphandle.

- Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngempumelelo zamuva zobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa amakhono kanye nolwazi ochwepheshe abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene.

- ukwesekwa uhulumeni onamandla, kubandakanya ezezimali, we dolobha enkulu yasekhaya.

inhlokodolobha angaphandle

Nezimboni kwaqhunyiswa esungulwe nge-quota abalulekile capital angaphandle, okuyinto babevamile sokuthuthukiswa okuthunyelwe-izinguquko umkhakha. Shipbuilding, izimayini, chemical engineering izimboni bakhangwa capitalists isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, Belgian futhi British. Ukudla nokukhanya izimboni banesithakazelo kakhulu ezintweni zimali yasekhaya. izithakazelo State igcile ukuzivikela wemboni.

izifunda zezimboni Geography

Iningi umkhakha bagxila e Zimbalwa kakhulu izigaba zomkhakha lizwe. Donbass, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia, esise-Ural, Baku baba izifunda main kwezezimboni Empire Russian. Ezinye izindawo aqhubeka umnotho Agro-Artisanal. Lokhu selectivity kungenxa kanyekanye lokuhlushwa kwendawo kulezi zindawo amaholo aphansi, amaminerali kanye Logistics elula, okusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa thembisa elusizo kakhulu, okuyinto babevamile sokuthuthukiswa okuthunyelwe-izinguquko umkhakha.

imiphumela okuthunyelwe-izinguquko

Inguquko yezezimboni komnikelo kwakucishe kuphelele yi 1880s. Olungcono phakathi nesizukulwane esisodwa, aphuma ukukhiqizwa yokukhiqiza ephelelwe yisikhathi ukuze inqubo endaweni yokukhanda. imishini Steam indawo umsebenzi wezandla. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi ahlukene yokukhiqiza imisebenzi eyenziwe ngobuchwepheshe ezincane nokuncane ebizayo. ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo kwe nojantshi utshelwa ukudalwa eziningi izinkampani okuhlangene isitokwe futhi ngamabhange. Sesitimela ezokuthutha nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni wezohwebo kwavusa izimali zomphakathi.

Ngu-1880, uMbuso Russian e nezinga lokukhula zezimboni zibalwa kuqala emhlabeni. Post-Reform Imboni, nosizo olungokoqobo zezimali ezivela kwamanye amazwe futhi ukusetshenziswa okutholakele kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe kwenza kwaba lula ukugcina ijubane eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. A strong ukweseka uhulumeni ukwenza yangempela, ngisho amaphrojekthi wokuvelela kunazo, ezifana nokuthuthukiswa eSiberia futhi ukutadisha izifunda Arctic laseNyakatho Russian.