Izinyembezi ngwengwzi emehlweni, izimbangela, ukwelashwa, imiphumela

Abantu abaningi ezweni lanamuhla awukwazi ukucabanga ngokuphila kwabo ngaphandle bezibona ebonakalayo kwabanye. Lena sibonga kungenzeka ukusebenza kwezitho - amehlo. Iqembu izifo iso wehlukile kakhulu. Batfutfukisa ngenxa ukuguga ongenakugwenywa umzimba, kanye bedle izici endogenous futhi exogenous. Phakathi kwalezi pathologies ezithinta izinga umbono, iso libhekisela izinyembezi ngwengwzi. Ingabe lo sina?

Ake sixoxe anatomy

Retina - kuyinto enhle kunazo zonke izicubu ebucayi ukuthi wenza ukukhanya abathola umsebenzi. Siqukethe izinduku kanye Izigaxa. umsebenzi ngokuyinhloko ushintsho okuqhubekayo ka amandla we pulses ukukhanya, futhi ushintsho zabo zibe ubuchopho, okubangela umuntu ubona izinto engokoqobo.

Ngaphambili indawo i-retina uphela umugqa dentate. Yena, ithobela umzimba ciliary. Ngakolunye uhlangothi i-retina nabo umzimba Vitreous. Qaphela ukuthi bonke ubude bayo it is alengayo exhunywe ezicutshini eziningi. Nokho, lo coupling esiqine iqinile endaweni macular, ukubiyela umugqa dentate nasemaceleni emsipheni optic.

ukujiya ngwengwzi kusifunda ngasinye kuyahlukahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, e-dentate umugqa zone kangakanani cishe 0.14 mm, eduze luteum - 0,07 mm. Uma ucabangela okungenhla izici yokwakheka nikhuluma kusikisela ukuthi amakhefu ngwengwzi kungenzeka noma kuphi.

ngezigaba

Ukwahlukaniswa lesi sifo eduze oluhlobene izimbangela yomsuka wawo. Ngo inqubo yokwelapha yesimanje, unquma ukwaba izinhlobo ezine izinyembezi ngwengwzi.

1. Perforated. Kwakheka ku izindawo thinning enkulu ijwabu endaweni okuthiwa umbono neuropathy. Ukungabi ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kungaholela lamabutho.
2. Valve. Isizathu esikhulu lesi sifo - Fusion retina ngqo Vitreous. Mshini yale nqubo kanje. Liquid esisefweni ephuma emzimbeni ngaso leso Vitreous futhi uwela ngaphansi kwe-retina. It ucindezela ulwelwesi, lapho mithandazo bathinteka kuyi-retina. Esikhathini umphetho wangaphambili zikhona izikhala eziningi.
3. Lamabutho retina komugqa dentate. Pathology eba ngenxa ukwephulwa abambisana ngokugcwele retina kusukela umzimba ciliary.
4. Macular. I zokugula ngokuvamile kwakheka indawo ye umbono emaphakathi. Uma isikhathi akusho ukusiza isiguli, ke kukhulisa ematfuba ukulahlekelwa.

Macular ngwengwzi emehlweni Ukubhidliza

ushintsho olumayelana nohlelo ubudala nasemkhakheni amahlaya Vitreous, ukuhlukana layo kancane kancane kuyi-retina - kuyimbangela eyinhloko izimbobo macular. Kungenjalo, lolu hlobo igebe ubizwa ngokuthi idiopathic noma nokuguqulwa.

Ngo-10% amacala eyakha lesi zokugula is ngenxa ngaphambilini sidluliselwe ukulimala ocular. Kubonakala ngenxa igagasi ukushaqeka aphule ngqo ngokusebenzisa inhlamvu yeso, okuyinto nakanjani kuholela lamabutho yesifunda ezimaphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale zokugula kubangelwa kuhlinzwa ukwelashwa ongakhetha rhegmatogenous lamabutho ngwengwzi. Lokhu inkinga kwenzeka amaphesenti esinye seziguli. Izazi ukubukeka kwephulwe ingcindezi yakhe wokubacindezela, ukuthuthukiswa cystic epiretinal.

igebe Macular sitholakale ngokuyinhloko at abesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-55 kuya eminyakeni engaba ngu-65. Ngo-12% amacala zokugula kuyinto zamazwe amabili.

Kungani ngwengwzi Ukubhidliza amehlo kungenzeka?

Izimbangela lesi sifo kuthiwa kwahambisana by izici ukuthi kunomthelela jikelele isithombe emitholampilo okuholela ukuthuthukiswa lamabutho ngwengwzi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• umsebenzi ngokweqile;
• ukulimala kanye umonakalo mechanical kuya iso;
• ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside ukucindezeleka;
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• ukuguga;
• nemithambeka abukhali futhi agxuma;
• ezisindayo.

ukudabuka ngwengwzi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa ukwephula ukuzungeza okugcwele ukuguga ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo yeso. Labo abasengozini bahlanganisa abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu kungenzeka ifa dystrophic izinguquko izinhlaka umbono, kanye ukuhlupheka kusukela ngokulinganisela / myopia ezinzima.

Yiziphi izimpawu kufanele wazise?

Emincane kakhulu izinyembezi ngwengwzi isikhathi eside Asinakukubonisa izici evelele. Abayona izimpawu ezahlukene isici ukuze iziguli akuvamile ukuza ukuqokwa ophthalmologist. Kufanele sinake izimpawu ezilandelayo.

• Ukubukeka flare, sparks phambi kwamehlo. Lena kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile egumbini elimnyama.
• "Izimpukane" phambi kwamehlo akhe. inkomba okunjalo kubonisa kokuqala lamabutho noma inqubo sokugembula ezihilela izitsha kulencane igazi.
• angaboni kahle noma ukuhlanekezela lezinto ebonakalayo kwenzeka uma igebe kudlulela endaweni emaphakathi esweni.
• Ukubukeka turbid isici umgubuzelo nomunye onqenqemeni. Lokhu uphawu kubonisa ekuqaleni inqubo sokugembula futhi kudinga usizo ngokushesha ophthalmologist.

Ezinye iziguli ukuthi emva ukuphumula isikhathi esithile, zonke izimpawu zinyamalale. Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kubangwa yokuthi kokuhlala isikhathi eside umuntu, evundlile kunomthelela "Ehlala" retina. Lesi simo zokwelapha ubizwa njengomuntu engokomfanekiso. Ngemva kwesikhashana, zonke izimpawu ubuye.

izinyathelo zokuxilonga

Izimpawu oshiwo ngenhla zokugula sibonakalise ngokucacile ngokwabo abavamile. Thola izikhala-retina ukuba silungise indawo yabo, ukucacisa inombolo kanye nosayizi kuphela ophthalmologist. Ukuze uphethwe ophumelelayo kudinga onekhono zokukhwabanisa ukuziphatha okulandelayo:

• luhlolo ngu umqhewu isibani;
• isifundo eningiliziwe isakhiwo sale fundus;
• amehlo US.

Ngokusho imiphumela inhlolovo egcwele isiguli udokotela ziqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa abanekhono.

izimiso yokwelapha

Ngo pathologies ezinjalo, igebe -retina, ukwelashwa kungase surgically kuphela. Uma udokotela wakho iye yaqinisekisa uphethwe, yokwelapha kumele kuqaliswe ngokushesha. Ukuhlehliswa we uya kudokotela noma umzamo nokuzithiba ukwelashwa kungaholela ngokungaboni nhlobo.

Okwamanje, bamahhotela bakunikeza ongakhetha eziningana izindleko zokuhlinzwa kwakho.

1. Laser coagulation. Ngalokhu indlela ukuhlinzwa yakhetha kaningi, ngoba ikuvumela ukuba aluqede ngokuphelele ngwengwzi likhiphe amehlo akhe. I ukuhlinzwa wenziwa usebenzisa izinzwa wendawo kanye ekhethekile ye-laser coagulants. Ezisithintayo amasayithi athile, okuyinto luhambisana nomthwalo ukwanda sendawo lokushisa. Ngenxa yalokho, mikroozhogi amaningi kwakhiwa, ngaleyo ndlela nokufeza coalescence retina ngokuqondile choroid. wonke Ukusebenza kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwengu-30 futhi ayidingi isikhathi yokutakula endaweni esibhedlela.
2. retinopexy womoya. Ingqikithi yale Inqubo kanje: ngokushesha ngemva udokotela izinzwa e ngalo ingaphakathi Vitreous eyethula bubble encane igesi. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu ukubamba retina kuyinto nolimi kusukela choroid. kamuva Cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-14 ekugcineni kuvikelwe cryopexy noma laser coagulation.
3. Vitrectomy - lena operation eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuze bamsize ngokuvamile yakhetha uma kukhona ngwengwzi macular likhiphe amehlo akhe. Ukwelashwa kulokhu kuhilela esikhundleni Vitreous kuqala ku amafutha akhethekile abicah, bese - ku nosawoti.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuze kuzuzwe nomphumela omuhle esitebeleni kudinga ukulandelana imisebenzi eminingana. Iziguli ezinjalo ngokuvamile baba izivakashi njalo ehhovisi kudokotela wezifo zamehlo, ngoba banayo awokuthi okuvela uyadabuka okuphindaphindiwe.

Yokutakula emva kokuhlinzwa

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela ubeka ngebhandeshi elikhethekile phezu iso, ezingasetshenziswa zisuswe ngosuku olulandelayo. Uma ngesikhathi esiphatha nesineke unomuzwa wokuthi tamponade emoyeni hit in the iso, ungesabi yokwehla abukhali. Ezansi wokusebenza kuyothiwa kancane kancane kususwe eziklanyelwe ukugeza amehlo uketshezi. Ngokuvamile udokotela ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izinkinga.

Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi yekwenta lokutsite isetjentiswa Uchwepheshe ukuqeda izinyembezi ngwengwzi, ukuhlala nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa esibhedlela ingeqi kwezinsuku ezintathu. Udokotela kufanele ngempela ukutshela esebenza wamafutha endaweni ethintekile njengoba ukumnakekela kahle. Ngezinye nesenzakalo yezinkinga emva osenyameni (ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ubuhlungu obukhulu iso, angaboni kahle) kufanele ngaphandle kokulibala ukudinga kudokotela wezifo zamehlo.

imiphumela sokugembula

izinyembezi ngwengwzi emehlweni kungaholela eziningi eziyingozi, ezivame kakhulu zazo kubhekwa lamabutho ayo. Kulokhu, laser photocoagulation kuyinto ayizwakali. Ochwepheshe babe Sokuzivikela ukuhlinzwa noma vitrectomy umthofu uphawu sclera ngu abicah isipanji.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, iziguli belulekwa ukuba kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa njalo kudokotela wezifo zamehlo, ukunciphisa amathuba Ukuphinda. Kungcono ukugwema umsebenzi okukhulu nokucindezeleka okukhulu.

izinyathelo

Ukuvimbela izinyembezi ngwengwzi, imiphumela ngesimo lamabutho ayo, kubalulekile ukugcina izinyathelo eziyisisekelo. Endaweni yokuqala kunconywa ukuze kuqashwe impilo yakho futhi uvakashele njalo kudokotela wezifo zamehlo. Kumele zithobele imodi efanele emsebenzini kanye nokuphumula, ungachithi isikhathi sakhe esiningi khulula ngesikhathi umengameli ikhompyutha.

Abantu abaphethwe-high blood pressure noma isifo sikashukela, kufanele iqaphe ingcindezi kanye indices glucose egazini. Uma uneminye izimpawu ngasocansini lokhu zokugula, kubalulekile ngaphandle kokulibala ukuba afune usizo lwezokwelapha, ngoba izindleko kungaba ngokoqobo hamba iwashi.

isiphetho

Kulesi sihloko, sakhuluma ngalokho kuyinto ngwengwzi likhiphe amehlo akhe. Ingabe lo sina? Kwakuthinta umbuzo onjalo ophakamayo iziguli, lapho udokotela ine ukuxilongwa efanayo. Yiqiniso, noma ikuphi inkinga yezempilo ngokungabi bikho ukwelashwa abanekhono ayingozi. Iyathinteka futhi ngwengwzi likhiphe amehlo akhe. Yingakho kubaluleke kangaka nge ukubonakala izimpawu eziyinhloko zokugula ukufuna usizo kumuntu ofanelekayo, ungafaki off kudokotela wezifo.

Sithemba ukuthi Ukwaziswa okwethulwa kulesi sihloko kuyoba usizo ngempela kuwe. Hlala uphilile!