Jikelele Walter von Reichenau: Biography, impumelelo kanye nomlando

Field Marshal ka eJalimane lobuNazi Walther von Reichenau (Walter von Reichenau) wayengomunye walaba ambalwa izikhulu eziphezulu lempi Wehrmacht, ngubani besekele amaNazi. Phakathi WWII, yena waba induna Army 6th. Kwaba Kanjeyana he akhe butho wathatha Paris ngo-1940, kanye Kiev futhi laseKharkov ngo-1941.

biography

Walter Reichenau wazalwa Okthoba 8, 1884 ku Karlsruhe (Empire German). Uyise wayengumGreki jikelele Prussian. Reichenau umndeni babevela esihle kwaba bacebe ngokwanele. Ekhulwini XIX kanye nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu XX yayingaphansi omunye ifenisha izimboni ngobukhulu elise eJalimane.

Ekupheleni kuka-1930 lo mndeni wanquma ujike phezu ukuze amaNazi, ngubani basenza inkampani ezempi kanye eseqala ukuveza khona izinhlobo ezahlukene imishini impi. Lapho ngo-1945, oMfelandawonye waqala kuqhunyiswe kwedolobha laseKarlsruhe efektri yakhe yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele, futhi wanyamalala ithonya nengcebo Reichenau umndeni.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-18, abasha, uWalter wanquma ukuthi wayengeke enze umsebenzi wezempi, futhi wajoyina impi. Okokuqala kwakunjalo 1st Prussian wezikhali ibutho. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wayesekwazi ukhushuliwe webutho lezempi, futhi ngo-1912 wakhushulelwa uLieutenant.

Eyokuqala Umhlaba

Ngaphambi kwagqashuka impi, uWalter von Reichenau wayengumfundi wesazi Berlin Military Academy, lapho waqeqesha zonke izikhulu Jikelele Abasebenzi. Lapho kugqashuka impi phezu Western Front, kwadingeka abuyele ku iyunithi yakhe, lapho akhonza khona njengombonisi wempi ukuba induna ibutho. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, wathunyelwa e-General Assembly Abasebenzi lika-47 Reserve Division.

Okokuqala Umhlaba Walter von Reichenau iziqu ne isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni, kodwa inkonzo yimpumelelo, yena waklonyeliswa Iron Cross I neyesi-II degree, Order of the House of Hohenzollern nezinye izimpawu eziningana umehluko. Ngemva kwalokho, wakhonza e-Jikelele Abasebenzi Military District, wamisa eMünster, kanye induna inkampani izibhamu. Ngo-1923, kakade elisezingeni Major Lapho ngiqala ukuyobona i-England. Ukubuyela ukusuka lapho, wathatha abasebenzi abasezikhundleni ezahlukene e Berlin ekupheleni 1927 waba induna nebutho Stuttgart. Kusukela eminyakeni engaphansi kwemibili, waba isikhulu sombutho wezempi.

Kamuva Reichenau ubuyele emuva eNgilandi, kodwa kulokhu kuzohlala khona izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ekupheleni kuka-1929, njengoba kukhumbula emuva Berlin laqokwa induna kwabasebenzi abasisiwe ukuba umhloli at Ministry of Communications we Reichswehr. A isikhundla bekatsatsa uFebhuwari 1931, ongakabi wathola aphoyintimenti yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Uqinisile Ngemva konyaka, wathola enye ukukhuthazwa kanye elisezingeni sombutho.

AmaNazi Umsizi abashisekayo

Mangisho ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni Reichenau wakujabulela imibono Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni. Ngo-1932, umalume wakhe, a Admirer olukhulu Hitler, wethula umshana wakhe nge Thixo wakhe. Lokho kubanika, uncoma ukuthi sokudumisa ikusasa aphakeme wakhe uWerner von Blomberg.

Ngemva konyaka, ngo-30 Januwari, u-Adolf Hitler waba yishansela laseJalimane. Akapholisanga maseko esabela Blomberg, uNgqongqoshe neMpi, futhi ngabethula Reichenau - inhloko yomnyango eMnyangweni Reichswehr ku yokuklomela isikhundla esilandelayo, uMajor-General. ngokushesha kakhulu sebenzi it jikisa nga uhlobo isixhumanisi phakathi abaphathi amaNazi kanye nebutho lempi.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1933, wesula umlawuli wangaphambilini we ahamba German Kurt von Hammerstein. Kunalokho, ezihlongozwayo candidacy of Reichenau, uHitler, Hindenburg, kodwa ngasizathu simbe, wasenqaba ngokunamandla ukuthi kwakwenzekani okuthunyelwe ka uWerner von Fritsch.

"Night Long Imimese"

Ngakho, uWalter von Reichenau, biography, umsebenzi nokuqala okuyinto wonke umsebenzi kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi lihlotshaniswa amaNazi, elinezikhonzi basiza sokudumisa esizayo ukugumbuqela umbuso kuleli zwe. Wayeqonda ukuthi esimweni lapho kuwa iQembu LamaNazi, nge-career kwakhe kwakuyonikeza ziqedwe unomphela. Reichenau wabona eziqhelelene stormtrooper kuthiwa luqina ngokwengeziwe, ojenene German yayilungiselela sizomelana Rohm nangokumelene Hitler, washesha kangaka ukwenza isivumelwano Goering futhi UHimmler, induna SS. Futhi babengeke sibekezelele amandla okwandayo eSA. Ngemva bhunga noHitler kwakhe, laba abathathu wanquma ukuthi aphume kulesi simo kukhona eyodwa kuphela indlela yokuphuma - ukuze anqobe stormtroopers ukubulala Ernsta REMA.

CA ecebeni ukuvalwa wayekulungele Ngokuphazima kweso. Of ukusebenza waqanjwa "Night Long Imimese." Ngenxa yalokho, lo yokuhlanza okuthiwa elathunjwa wadubula mayelana 150 maduze CA amakhanda. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ibutho akazange athathe zihlanganyele kule mpi, njengoba kwakunjalo nangabanye myalo oqondile: "Musa ukugxambukela" Futhi lapha, uWalter von Reichenau waphinda ukwenza indima yakhe evamile isithunywa, kodwa manje phakathi SS ibutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi nguye enikeziwe amaNazi amasosha izikhali yaziwa.

Promotion

UHitler waqala ukubusa ngemva kokufa uMongameli Hindenburg sika. Akapholisanga maseko waqeda sikhundla, futhi laqanjwa ngokuthi i-Shansela noMphathi sokudumisa ka-Third Reich. Zonke amasosha nezikhulu ngokushesha unikezwe isifungo entsha, Tex okuyiwona ebhala Reichenau. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, zonke lempi bazithoba ukuze izwe kanye nabantu, futhi manje mathupha kuya sokudumisa. Lesi sifungo sivunyiwe ngengozi, ngoba akukuniki kungenzeka izikhulu German ahlanganyele kunoma yiluphi ugobe Hitler yena.

Ebona lokhu ukulangazelela, le sokudumisa ehlobo lika-1935 kuyinto Reichenau isikhundla sokuba uMajor General wammisa induna 7th Military Region. Ngo-1938, induna yakhe yangaphambili Blomberg isuswe kusuka kokuthunyelwe ka umkhuzi induna Army. Kulesi simo, Reichenau futhi abavumi ukuyifukula ngomunwe ngandlela-thile ukusiza umqashi wakhe omdala, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulindeleke ukuba athathe lesi sikhundla. Okwamanje, iposi wanika Walther von Brauchitsch, ngubani wayeyale 4th Army Group.

Mangisho ukuthi wayengafani nabanye, ngoba, ngokungafani nokubili kubo, kwakungeyona indawo kanye neselula. Kuyinto 4th ibutho iqembu waya Reichenau ukuzithoba. Akubuzwa ukuthi kwaba wemfanelo omkhulu: uye wagxila ezandleni zonke ukuphathwa ngidalé amabutho mobile isiJalimane, kanye kumiswa amasha. Manje division armored elaliholwa Guderian futhi Hoth, iqondiswe ke, Walther von Reichenau. abaholi amaNazi babemhlonipha, wembatha par nabo.

Invasion of the USSR

Kwesinye isihloko akunakwenzeka ukuchaza zonke ngokunqoba ukuthi abangu iwine ukwahlukana mobile German iphansi kwesandla sika-Walter von Reichenau ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II. Nokho, umkhankaso wakhe wokugcina kwaba wokuba kuhlaselwe eSoviet Union. Ibutho lakhe ngaleso sikhathi saqanjwa 6th futhi manje wayenomkhuba iqembu wamabutho "South" iphansi kwesandla sika-Gerd von Rundstedt.

Njengoba yaziwa, Reichenau namabutho akhe abamba iqhaza ukuthunjwa Kiev imisebenzi, laseKharkov, Sifundazwe, eKursk. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabeka isandla sakhe ukuze imvelo nokuqedwa okwalandela sabanjwa ugibe amabutho aseSoviet. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa yehlulekile ngo eMoscow, Rundstedt waxoshwa futhi salandelwa Reichenau, owakwazi ukumisa okuhlaselayo nobusika amabutho aseSoviet uhlale ngesikhathi izikhundla elalihlala phakathi ngonyaka ozayo.

AmaNazi jikelele Ukufa

Omunye Januwari usuku nesithwathwa ngo-1942, uJenene Walter von Reichenau, njengenjwayelo, waya gijima ekuseni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lokudlela yila maphoyisa, waqala olunzima yisifo senhliziyo ngenxa kwalokho ngaquleka. Zonke imizamo yodokotela ukumsiza ukuba aphaphame izinsuku ezinhlanu, ungazange yimpumelelo, ngakho ngo-January 17, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuthutha Field Marshal e Leipzig ngendiza, okuhlanganisa naye esihlalweni.

Endleleni, indiza ibe sengozini, futhi Reichenau, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wayebuye abe sina ukulimala ekhanda. Nokho, ngo-kusihlwa namanje zilethwe Leipzig sezindiza, kodwa kwathi jikelele oneminyaka engu-57 ubudala amaNazi usefile.

portrait zomlando

umuntu kwaba kanjani Walter von Reichenau? "I abaphikisi lempi Russia" - incwadi Borisa frolova, lapho wazama lokuphinda ekumeni komlando ojenene edume kunazo Western owalwela ngesikhathi ngokumelene ezweni lakithi. Ngokusho kwakhe, kwaba i, siqine, indoda nongenanembeza futhi sinesihluku lisebenza. nemvelo yakhe izimele futhi umbono wabo siqu ezindabeni eziningi amasu ngokuvamile bamcasula Hitler.

It unya engenabulungisa ebonakaliswa maqondana izakhamuzi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa washiya uphawu amnyama kwesithunzi nokuhlonipheka kwakhe. ukuphathwa kwalo esishaqisayo iziboshwa zempi nezakhamuzi, kanye intshiseko okweqile ngawo wayifeza oda "Ngo-Commissioner" UHitler ukuthi babeshaye esikhonkosini. nengxenye kuphela unyaka ukuthola amabutho akhe phezu endaweni ye-USSR, izandla zabo zabulawa izakhamuzi zaseSoviet mayelana 1 million. ojenene ezinjalo ezifana Reichenau nokunye okunjalo, ukumela ngokugcwele umbuso eziyingozi kakhulu futhi okunesihluku okuyinto wobushiqela.