Ngemva Nezinkinga. Russia ekhulwini le-17. nokuthuthukiswa komnotho womphakathi

Isikhathi Nezinkinga yabangela umonakalo ongalungiseki isimo Russian. Kwathatha iminyaka eminingi ukubuyisela ezingeni odlule inhlalakahle. ukukhula waseRussia kwezomnotho kwekhulu le-17 kwaqala ngawo-20, uma ugxile ku iVolga esifundeni, Southern eSiberia, Northern Black Sea coast. Sekuyisikhathi umlando kabusha ngendlela entsha futhi kabusha delineate imikhawulo yamazwe Russian. isiko Russian ekhulwini le-17 kancane kancane washintsha izinto eziza kuqala kubo - umbhedesho isonto zinhlanga zangena phakathi esidlule kuba amagugu efanele worldly yomuntu ngokwakhe.

inqubomgomo waseRussia ekhulwini le-17

Izikhombisi eyinhloko inqubomgomo angaphandle of the state sizobonisa itafula. Russia ekhulwini le-17 ngokokuqala emva kweminyaka yempi nezinxushunxushu wakwazi ukumisa ngokwayo njengoba isimo eqinile futhi siyaludinga.

Ngokusho inqubomgomo entsha angaphandle yezwe basungula ubudlelwane namanye amazwe. Phakathi Nezinkinga Omkhulu Russia walahlekelwa indawo enyakatho enyakatho-ntshonalanga, eningizimu ye-ukuhlaselwa njalo khans YaseCrimea kwalinciphisa emazweni evundile. Ukuhlanganisa kwamazwe Russian, eqinisa kuhulumeni, ukufukulwa komnotho kanye ukuhweba - imisebenzi esemqoka esabekwa Russian ekhulwini le-17.

nokuthuthukiswa komnotho womphakathi

Umnotho wezwe kwamiswa nzima izimo ngxabano zakudala ubudlelwane izinduna nge ekilasini onxiwankulu abasafufusa. kokugqilazwa ephelele inqubomgomo abalimi kwakheka isisekelo ukuthuthukiswa Russian nomphakathi. Conciliar Ikhodi 1649 waqeda "iminyaka kulungisiwe" wafuna abalimi nombaleki kwathiwa obuphakade, okwagcina ukuphuca abalimi amalungelo ambalwa befika kusukela kokhokho babo.

Abalimi kwakufanele bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni uJehova amakhosi asendulo, iphathwa izwe lakhe yokusungula siqu, futhi ukumkhokhela iqashwe. Lokho iyisibusiso libhekene indlela yasemakhaya wokuphila, yikuphi okwenza ngesisekelo inqubomgomo yasekhaya bezingelwa Russia ekhulwini le-17. nokuthuthukiswa komnotho womphakathi ilalela imithetho absolutism, okuyinto bawazisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwemukelwa 1649 Council Ikhodi.

Iminyaka engu-20 uvuselela ukukhiqizwa wezandla, izakhiwo ezintsha zokukhiqiza yethulwe Russia - manufactory. New Commercial Charter kulayini imithetho ubudlelwane ukuhweba futhi yavusa ukuthuthukiswa yokuthengelana.

Ukuqiniswa emandleni obukhosi

Njengoba abaningi njengoba izahluko ezimbili Ikhodi entsha oshayiwe Russian ukuvikela amalungelo ombuso, isithunzi emandleni obukhosi kuleli zwe. Kancane kancane, bonke namandla is bagxila ezandleni omunye umbusi - inkosi. Zemsky Sobor ngaphambilini ukuxazulula izinkinga zezombusazwe ebalulekile, ngokushesha salahlekelwa. amalungelo abo namandla manje baphiwa abantu Boyar Duma. Ukuthula isihlobo sakhe esasithanda umnotho kanye nezombusazwe kuqinisa umbuso autocratic, ngisho engasekelwa zonke tigaba. Ukuze silondoloze ezombusazwe yasekhaya akha eyodwa isimo apharathasi yokuphathwa.

Ama-oda

Indima abamele kungani umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla ezindaweni ezithile ezilandelayo oda. Ngekhulu le-17 base kwamiswa, kodwa kulezi izikhungo kwakungekho nomehluko ocacile phakathi kwezimfundiso zomthetho neyokuphatha iziyisikhombisa kwamandla. Phakathi oda umsebenzi Nezinkinga kwaba engabonakali futhi ungasizi.

Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich usethe oda eziningana zesikhashana - bona yahlakazeka ngemva lenza umsebenzi othile. Esikhundleni sakhe, u-Alexis, isisungule oda unomphela ukuthi afeze imisebenzi yabo ezindaweni ezithile - kuhlanganise nalezo esiye sazibandakanya Russia ekhulwini le-17. ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuleli zwe siwusekela ngokugcwele kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile esontweni, eyaqala maphakathi nekhulu.

I yinye yesonto

Ukujoyina ezindaweni Belarusian futhi Ukraine ukuba amazwe isimo Russian kuye kwaholela ukugeleza ukutolika ezahlukene izimfundiso zobuKristu-Orthodox. kabusha Nikon kwakuhloselwe sihlanganise ezimfundisweni zenkolo variegated nokuhlelwa kabusha ukudala olulodwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Kodwa lezi zinguquko ziye zabangela ikhononda sina abantu, kanye nomqondo kobufundisi igunya esizimele autocrat zezwe bethukuthele. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba khona ukuhlukana yesonto, futhi 1666, Nikon wagudluzwa.

isiko Russian ekhulwini le-17

Ukuthuthukiswa zokunyathelisa esimweni Russian iqala ukushicilelwa incwadi yokuqala eyanyatheliswa "Umphostoli". Kukhona entsha tetemibhalo, futhi engxenyeni kwekhulu lesibili yazibiza portraiture, okuyinto waba ngukhokho S. Ushakov.

Ukushintsha izimiso of ukuhlela zasemadolobheni kanye izakhiwo. Kubonakala isitayela, isici kuphela Russia -Moscow Baroque, civil kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi zazakhiwe ngetshe.

Thuthukisa izikole ukuthi abaqeqeshiwe izikhulu zezikhungo zomphakathi, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu kukhona Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy - ayanda isikhungo sokuqala zemfundo, labavulekela Russia ekhulwini le-17.

ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuleli zwe futhi ukuvuselelwa isiko eRussia ngaleso sikhathi, kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile kwaholela yezwe izinguquko ezintsha futhi yimuphi omunye isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona.