Russia ekhulwini le-17

Russia ngekhulu le-17 kwaba esimeningcondvo okwandisa inani zomsebenzi sabantu serf, gcwalisa ekwakhekeni zithenga kazwelonke, endaweni okwakukhona kuyo lunye. Zemsky Sobor ukuthi enamathiselwe akuyona njengebalulekile njengaphambilini. Kumiswa preconditions sokuthuthukiswa kwamakhosi ngokuphelele.

Kodwa Russia ekhulwini le-17 namanje "buntashnoy". Ngokuvamile kukhona emikhulu imiboniso ethandwa.

ukuthuthukiswa sangaphandle zezombusazwe Russia ekhulwini le-17 kwaqala nge ukungenela isimo eMpini Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu.

Lokhu mlando ekhulwini evamile yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili. Ngo esigabeni sokuqala eRussia ngekhulu le-17, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba Isikhathi Nezinkinga. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sesibili, saqala ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo zokwenza Petrine kabusha.

Elisanda kuqokwa Tsar Mikhail Romanov ivumelane yonke ezivubukuliwe social. Kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi amandla angempela lase lithengwe kayise - Metropolitan Filaret - isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Russia ekhulwini le-17 kwadingeka ukuba anqobe ngemiphumela Nezinkinga. Ukuthi lokhu msebenzi waphathiswa inkosi.

Ukuze asebenzise ukulawula central oda uhlelo isicelo, kukhona kwababusi endaweni abadala yokuqokwa kwathathelwa indawo kusukela maphakathi. Emongweni ibutho lalinabashumayeli nezicukuthwane. Ukuze inkonzo yabo ezikutholile umhlaba iziza kanye abalimi. Kodwa, ngokuqondene ukundiza yokugcina phakathi Nezinkinga, izigodi kwakungafanele ikakhulukazi intengo. Uhulumeni anda eside kufunwe ngababaleki libhekisela amacala ukuze kuphenywe ukuze Raider. Njengoba indiza ongumlimi kusukela izindlu elilingana icala lobugebengu.

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu kwadingeka nokumisa emithethweni ekhona. Kuze kube yimanje, ikomiti ekhethekile ukuthi ibizwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1649 kwanqunywa Conciliar Ikhodi, ukuqedela serfdom hardware. Ngakho, lo mbaleki ubufuna baba obuphakade, isimo serfdom - sitholwa njengefa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izihloko waqinisa isikhundla senkosi. Ngakho, amakhosi ohlanga ekilasini-omele baba ngokuphelele. Absolutism yayisekelwe zindlani ongumlimi futhi ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela.

Phakathi nokubusa Alexei Mikhailovich Zemsky Sobor iyeke ukuhlangabezana, le Boyar Duma ilahlekelwa okukushoyo. Inkosi ivelele ummeleli (Duma proximal), kodwa wenza izinqumo ngokuzimela.

Industrial ukuthuthukiswa libhekene ukubukeka izimboni, le nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi. Ngo womshini imishini. Futhi esetshenziswa wezabasebenzi waqasha (abasebenzi beza ikakhulukazi chernososhnyh futhi serfs).

Imizamo uhulumeni wezwe wathatha lo Maphakathi nekhulu. Ngaphansi sesimanje waqonda izinguquko sphere ezihlukahlukene zokuphila, okunqotjhwe kilo ukuqinisa of absolutism futhi feudalism. Ukuguqulwa kwakufanele ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa intela nezempi-technical isimo. Lawa kwakungamadodana izinguquko, kwezomnotho, komoya nepolitiki sphere kwezenhlalo, okuyinto libhekene ngekhulu le-17.

Russia ngalesi leminyaka oye wakwazi ukwandisa insimu yabo. Ngakho, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich enamathiselwe isimo Ukraine (Little Russia). Nakuba e-Ukraine rose, eholwa Khmelnytsky Zaporozhye Cossacks. Lo mbhikisho yaphenduka impi zabantu. Esaba okwalandela izimpi yalwa abaseTurkey nabasePoland, lezi zihlubuki wacela usizo ezivela eRussia. Ngo 1653 yayibizwa yayinqoba Left Bank Ukraine. Lokhu kwabangela impi nge Rzeczpospolita. Impi kwabangela ukuqashelwa zijoyine Ukraine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Russia lithole Smolensk edlule, futhi 1686 - Kyïv.

Ukushiyeka isimo Russian empini Russian-Swedish, kanye nemikhankaso YaseCrimea. Kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwathiwa yayilokhu izidlela nje insimu East laseSiberia, ukufinyelela ephelele ePacific Ocean, kanye setha komngcele China.