Isifundazwe Taurian. Isikhathi intuthuko nokuchuma bezwe YaseCrimea.

isifundazwe Taurian kuyinto iyunithi zokuphatha-indawo yoMbuso wase-Russian futhi wawuqala 1802 kuya 1921. Simferopol city centre wakhuluma. Ngemva ngokujoyina Russia guqula ohlakaniphile uCatherine Omkhulu kube Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuthandwa yonke imikhakha yempilo. Turkey, kokubona intuthuko nokuchuma eCrimea, bafuna ukubuyela enhlonhlweni Ngaphansi kokulawula kwazo, kodwa wehluleka. Ngenxa yalokho lezi zenzakalo, eRussia eminye ukwandisa ithonya lawo eCrimea, kanjalo nokuqinisa amandla hhayi kuphela phezu Black futhi Azov kwezilwandle, kodwa futhi phezu Bosporus futhi iDardanelles.

ECrimea iya Russia

Ngo-1784, 8 Januwari, kwasayinwa isenzo isimo phakathi Turkish futhi ohlangothini Russian. Kwaba isenzakalo ezingokomlando ezibalulekile. Lesi senzo uthi eCrimea uzobe lebhalwe Russia. Nokho, lokhu akuzange babe izindaba. isiphetho YaseCrimea kokuvalelwa kudala njengoba phakathi neMpi Russian-Turkish, okwaqala ngo-1768 kuya ku-1774. Ngokusho iSivumelwano eCrimea ukuzibusa. Turkey ayisekho lalinethonya kulezi zindawo. Russia balamukele Kerch kanye nokwenzeka ukuhamba phezu Black futhi Azov iziLwandle.

Isinqumo uCatherine II Crimean Murza (Tatar aristocrats) atholwe isimo izikhulu Russian. Baqhubeka insimu yabo, kodwa akatholanga ubunikazi serfs, ababe Russian. Nge lesi sinqumo, iningi yezikhulu wayesewelela Russian. Izimali imperial agcwaliswa engenayo futhi amazwe YaseCrimea Khan. Zonke iziboshwa Russian ababesezweni eCrimea, inkululeko.

isifundazwe Ezemfundo Tauride

isifundazwe Tauride kwamiswa ngenxa ukwehlukana Novorossiysk, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-1802. Khona kwasuka omunye wabayishumi umnyango izingxenye ezintathu baba ingxenye Tauris. Tauride sifundazwe wawuhlukaniswe waba 7 izifunda:

• Yevpatoriya;
• Simferopol;
• Melitopol;
• Dnipro;
• Perekopsky;
• Tmutarakan;
• Theodosia.

Ngo-1820, esifundeni Tmutarakan zahamba futhi aba yingxenye endaweni kwezinhloko zamaviyo Black Sea. Ngo-1838, Yalta kwamiswa, futhi ngo-1843 - Berdyansk esifundeni. Ngu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili esifundazweni Tauride, kwakukhona 2 Gradonachalstva futhi 8 izifunda. Ngokusho Census 1987, emzini Simferopol kwaba wesithathu ngobukhulu (141 717 abantu).

Izinguquko eCrimea

Ngo-1784 kukhona emzini Sevastopol, okuyinto isisekelo Navy Russian. Akhiwa Nikolaev futhi Kherson. Esikhathini yokugcina kukhona ukwakhiwa imikhumbi yokuqala kuya Black Sea Fleet. Ukuze kwandiswe somphakathi womuzi Kherson, Sevastopol futhi Feodosiya kuthiwa evulekile. Lapha kungaba ngokukhululekile faka bakwamanye amazwe asebenza futhi ahlale lapha. On isicelo, zingaba ngisho izakhamuzi Russian.

Unyaka olandelayo wawuzoba ukuqeda yamanani kuzo zonke amatheku YaseCrimea (iminyaka 5). Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni nokwanda okuphawulekayo inzuzo. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka abampofu endaweni Crimean abachuma futhi ethuthukisa umhlaba. Kuningi rose nokulima kanye winemaking. ECrimea baba base ngobukhulu lezindiza ku Navy Russian. Ngenxa yalokho, inani labantu ikhula kakhulu Tauris.

izidingo Turkey

Ngo 1787, ecaleni Turkish kutlhoga sokubuyiselwa eyinkosi ekhonza ngaphansi kukaNebukhadinezari yale nhlonhlo, futhi futhi ufuna ukuhlola imikhumbi Russian ababhekene Bosphorus futhi iDardanelles. Ukusekela kwakhe yasePrussia, eFrance naseNgilandi. Russia ithumela kokwenqaba nalezi zimfuneko. Ngawo lowo nyaka, Turkey sihlasela futhi wahlulwa kulokhu kuhlasela on shumbi Russian. Kulokhu, umhlaseli waba bokuphakama zezinombolo. ibutho Russian kuthatha Anapa, no-Ishmayeli, Ochakov. amabutho Suvorov sika ekugcineni uhlasela abaseTurkey. Phambili Country besingalindele yilokhu kushintsha kwezinto - kwadingeka ngemvume iSivumelwano Jassy. Nale dokhumenti uMbuso Russian Uvikela amalungelo eCrimea kanye enyakatho Black Sea coast. Yena ngokungananazi ephethwe sonke isifundazwe Tauride. Ibalazwe ikhombisa imingcele yesifunda. insimu yalo umhlaba okuthakazelisayo yesimanje ye-Ukraine.

Taurian sifundazwe Census 1897

Esikhathini yokubala abantu 1897 kuzo zonke izifunda 10 isifundazwe kwenziwe. ECrimea bekulokhu endaweni yenziwe ngohlobo multi-yobuhlanga sabantu. idatha yokubalwa kwabantu kukhomba ukuthi iningi izakhamuzi uthe (Ukraine) ngolimi Little Russian. Eyesibili ethandwa kakhulu kwaba ulimi Russian. It waphinde waphawula ukusabalala Crimean Tatar, isiBulgaria, isiJalimane, isiHebheru, isiGreki nezinye izilimi. Inombolo ephelele izakhamizi Gubernija kwaba cishe bayizigidi ezingu-1.5. Ngezinye 6 izifunda labantu Russian wahlula e Kerch, Simferopol, Sevastopol, Evpatoria, eDzhankoy, Feodosia. Ngo Balaklava side kunaleso kwesigamu sabantu bezwe jikelele kwenzakala akhuluma isiGreki. Futhi, eziningi abantu elinikeziwe ubuzwe ohlala Old eCrimea.

isifundazwe Taurian iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, insimu yalo Ayembamba kwamanye amazwe, kodwa uMbuso Russian ekugcineni waqinisa usithonye ezikhonza kula mazwe.