UFaro Ramzes Veliky, Ancient Egypt: ebhodini, biography

Ukuvuselelwa emandleni amabutho ezweni, ngokuwina izimpi olunegazi, ukwakhiwa esikhumbuzo omangalisayo ... Lezi zenzakalo ayekhumbula inkathi Ramesside, okuyinto kubhekwa bhá khasi umlando yaseGibithe lasendulo. Uhlaka Its iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo - eminyaka XIII-XI. BC. e. Kulomkhakha wekuvuselela sobukhosi waseGibhithe salandelwa oFaro 18. I umbusi onamandla kunabo bonke baphendukela Ramzes Veliky. Wenzé neqhaza elikhulu emlandweni wombuso.

Okhokho balezi faro enkulu

okuqinisekile Ramesside iqala ukungena esihlalweni sobukhosi waseGibhithe Ramesses I. Lokhu kwenzeka mayelana 1292 BC. e. UFaro wayengafuni ukushiya trace elikhanyayo emlandweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi phakathi nokubusa kwayo kwaba esifushane kakhulu. Amandla ezandleni uFaro ukuthi babeneminyaka embalwa kuphela.

Cishe ngo-1290 BC. e. esihlalweni sobukhosi waseGibhithe indodana Ramses mina - I. Seti kuyanda saKhe amandla kwaphawula ukuqala imvuselelo yezwe ngemva okwesikhashana yokwehla. UFaro wazithukuthelela ukwazi ukudala preconditions ukuchuma esizayo isimo. Seti I wabusa eGibhithe eminyakeni engaba ngu-11. Around 1279 BC. e. amandla lidlule ezandleni kaRamses II. Wayeyindodana ka I. Seti

Umbusi omusha

Ramses, ogama biography iqukethe amaqiniso amaningi ezithakazelisayo ngesikhathi ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi wayemncane kakhulu. Awukwazi ukushayela izimfanelo ezithile ngabanye ayenazo. EGibhithe zonke oFaro babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli izithunywa onkulunkulu, ngakho bathatha yonke imithombo, kanye kaRamses II, esachazwa imodeli ejwayelekile. Nokho, isenzo lo mbusi omusha lisikisela ukuthi wayekhona eyayinesifiso sokuvelela, eqinile futhi ezimisele.

UFaro kaRamses II, ihlala esihlalweni sobukhosi, ngokushesha yayala nabantu bayo ukuba amboze ezindaweni ezisithekileyo amagama ngaphambili yabo. UMbusi wafuna abantu baseGibhithe kuphela zikhunjulwe ke. Ramses II futhi wonke umuntu bazibiza ukhetha u-Amoni, izuzisa isimo ezindala zaseGibhithe naseSiriya uyiqhawe esinganqobeki.

uhambo Okokuqala baya e-Asia

Izitha oyinhloko eGibhithe kubhekwe bakwaHeti. Kwase kuphele amashumi eminyaka oFaro zalwa umzabalazo nenkani nalaba bantu ukuthi wayehlala e-Asia Minor. Ramses II, enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, baqhubeka nomsebenzi amandulela. Ngesikhathi unyaka wesi-4 faro abasha nganquma ukuba alwe bakwaHeti.

Lo mkhankaso wokuqala waba yimpumelelo. AbaseGibhithe anqobe isitha futhi ngiwuthumbile umuzi Berit. UFaro waseGibhithe akazange ufuna ukumisa khona. Ramses II banquma ukwenza konyaka umkhankaso wesibili ngokumelene lamaHeti, kanye nazo zonke abuqede eside isikhathi izitha.

Izicupho kukaFaro

Lo mkhankaso wesibili e-Asia Ramzes Veliky wenza ngonyaka 5th wokubusa kwakhe. Ukuqoqa ngamabutho ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili, uFaro abasha lisuswe kusuka Memphis. Inhloso ngqangi yalo emkhankasweni kwaba ukuthunjwa eKadeshi, okwakukhona ngaleso sikhathi idolobha eliyinhloko amaHeti EGibhithe Kuya ukujoyina ubucebi isitha.

ibutho laseGibhithe kwakuba amayunithi 5-athishela. EmaHethi babesaba ukulwa ne isitha sakho. Baqonda ukuthi amandla abo akwanele ukunqoba ulwa fair. Ibutho yabo yayihlanganisa amabutho ahlangene, okuyinto Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuphatha. EmaHethi bebehlela uwine ngokukhwabanisa. Kuze kube yimanje base bethumele kaRamses II-amaShasu ayimizulane. Babefanele ukutshela ufaro waseGibithe ukuthi amasosha umHeti zikude eKadeshi.

Loluhlelo isitha wasebenza. Ramses II okungeyikho abayimizulane. Ukukholelwa yokuthi umHeti amasosha eduze lapho, umbusi waseGibhithe zithuthwa ziyiswa kwezinye lamabutho emzini. AmaHeti empeleni elinde abaseGibhithe eyayiseduze kwakhona ku-Orontes. UFaro kaRamses II, waqaphela ukuthi labanjwa, wathumela vizier yakhe ukuze isheshe iphole amayunithi asele.

Imiphumela impi kwaseKadeshi

Battle kwaseKadeshi wachaza ngokuningiliziwe ku Imithombo yaseGibhithe futhi hettskih. Kwakuyimpi enzima. Lamabutho ephethwe kaRamses II zalahlekelwa eside. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu-ke, amaGibhithe akwazi ukubaleka ogibeni. Sidlale indima nesibindi esikhulu kaFaro ukusekelwa. Ramses II lakwazi ukugwema acoboshise.

Ngemva Battle kwaseKadeshi umHeti inkosi yenza isivumelwano ufaro waseGibithe. Lo mcimbi ithuba eyayikhathaza umbusi osemusha ashona ngodumo. Ukubuyela Egypt, kaRamses II uthumele Dispatch enhlokodolobha, eyasho okulandelayo mayelana ukunqoba nomkhankaso wempi. Kule ndaba, umbusi seyaziwa ngokuthi umholi elikhulu lempi futhi winner. Ngo umHeti imithombo efanayo waveza ukuthi impi kwaseKadeshi yaphela nge ukunqotshwa kwabaseGibhithe.

Ukwakha ngaphansi kukaFaro

Ramzes Veliky phakathi nokubusa kwakhe yamisa lenqwaba amathempeli, namatshe amade abaziwe, izikhumbuzo. Ngemva kokunqoba kuka-umbusi namaHeti iyalele ukuba elaliqoshwe edwaleni, elise eNubia ku ngasentshonalanga yomfula saseNayile wabiza Abu Simbel, lalingumhume ethempelini elikhulu. Kube bachazwa nezenzakalo ezingokomlando ezibalulekile imibhalo eqoshiwe namanxiwa. Ukwambulwa emhumeni lihlotshiswe Izithombe zetshe ezine nge ukubukeka uFaro omkhulu waseGibhithe.

Edwaleni Abu Simbel lase futhi waqopha ithempeli lesibili ezincane. Ramses II yamyala sokwakha behlonipha Nefertari yakhe ethandekayo, okuyinto kumkakhe wokuqala. Ngaphambi kokungena ekubeni ithempeli elincane wema 6 eziqoshiwe. Zombili izinhlangothi isethwe 2 UFaro ukubukeka 1 - Queen Nefertary.

Njalo umbusi waseGibhithe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe eyakhelwe yena ithempeli yesikhumbuzo. Kwaba futhi kaRamses II, waphakamisa Ramesseum at eThebes ku ngasentshonalanga yomfula iNayile. Ensimini ka ukwakhiwa kwaba esifanekisweni enkulu umbusi waseGibhithe. isisindo sakhe kwaba amathani mayelana 1,000. Ngaphakathi ethempelini, kwezindonga zamatshe aqoshiwe izigcawu empini laseKadeshi.

Ukwakhiwa komuzi

ngokukhethekile kufanele kube ukwakhiwa of Pi-Ramesses - inhloko-dolobha isimo waseGibhithe. Lokhu dolobha lakhiwa eNayile Delta, lapho enkulu kaFaro ebuntwaneni. Mhlawumbe ukwakhiwa yayo iqale ngo Seti I. wawuqeda umsebenzi ubelokhu wokubusa uFaro kaRamses II.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, izazi zanamuhla bengaqondi lapho kwakukhona khona Pi-Ramesses. igama wedolobha sashiwo imithombo baseGibhithe lasendulo, kodwa ukuthola emanxiweni, akekho owakwazi. Ngathola Pi-Ramesses umvubukuli uManfred Bietak. Ngemva Wayesethatha yokwemba Edgar Pusch. Umcwaningi okwenza izithombe kufihlwe amanxiwa komhlaba, wadala uhlelo eningiliziwe edolobheni. Kwavela ukuthi Pi-Ramesses kwaba dolobha elikhulu futhi enhle.

On uhlelo zezinkulumo emzini izakhiwo unxande babebhekwa. Lawa kwakungamadodana emanxiweni ethempelini. Esikhundleni indawo ukwakhiwa, abavubukuli baye bathola izingcezu isithombe esikhulu ufaro waseGibithe. Futhi atholakele lapha cartouches enegama Ramzesa Velikogo.

Phakathi kumbiwa workshop liphinde itholiwe. Kuyo iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa nje edlule, uma imithetho Ramzes Veliky, ezenziwe ngengilazi ibala. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa Imiphumela wakhonza ubumba izimbiza lapho impahla eluhlaza ukufuthelana okushisa aphakeme. Kusukela impahla etholwe kwezinye izitolo excised izitsha umhlobiso edolobheni.

Muva nje, i-Pi-Ramesses kwatholakala amapuleti isinqamu. Wasinda imigqa embalwa nje. Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi umbhalo kuyinto akhiphe yesivumelwano esiphakathi umHeti yinkosi Hattusili III futhi umbusi waseGibhithe. ilebula Found kufakazela ukuba khona kaRamses II ingobo yomlando.

Amakhosikazi nezingane ka uFaro waseGibhithe

Umkhaya at Ramses II mikhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uFaro waseGibhithe lasendulo 4 wayenabafazi esisemthethweni ezaziwayo. Esokuqala futhi othandekayo kakhulu kwaba umkakhe Nefertari. Wayebhekwa indlovukazi usuvele 1 st konyaka wokuqala ukubusa kaRamses II. Ngezinye Nefertari wazalelwa amadodana eziningana namadodakazi. KwaRubhen amazibulo lo faro nendlovukazi egqoka igama Amenherunemef.

Inkosikazi kaRamses II yesibili kwakunguDodayi Istnofret. Ngezinye izitshalo eziningi sikhonjiswa ndawonye nezingane zabo. Indodakazi endala kaRamses II negama Istnofret Bent-Anat. Ngokwemibiko ethile, lapho engena isigodlo sikaFaro, waba ngumkakhe. Ngo Istnofret wayebuye indodana Nakhu isikhumbuzo sikaMerneptah. Ngemva kokufa kaRamses II, wafika sobukhosi.

Esesithathu unkosikazi lesisemtsetfweni uFaro waseGibhithe - Maatnefrura. Yayiyindodakazi umHeti yinkosi Hattusili III. Bashada engu-13 ngemuva kokuphothulwa isivumelwano sokuthula bakwaHeti. Emibhalweni waseGibhithe kubonisa ukuthi kaRamses II umxhwele Maatnefrury ubuhle. UFaro nsuku wabona indlovukazi futhi ebatshazwa kakhulu kuye.

Unkosikazi wesine kaRamses II - enye indodakazi umHeti yinkosi Hattusili III. Ngeshwa, igama lakhe alaziwa. Abacwaningi basikisela nokuthi umbusi waseGibhithe kwaba nomunye umfazi zomthetho. Nanguya udade osemusha kaRamses II - Henutmira. On ke akukho lwazi. Cishe, Henutmira wafa esemncane, asikwazanga bazale abantwana ngisho kaRamses II.

Ngokufa nokungcwatshwa uFaro

isimo waseGibhithe Ramses II ebusa isikhathi eside. Wayelethwa ngasinda amadodana 12. Lapho lo faro omkhulu efa, wayebethelwe esihlalweni sobukhosi lendodana yakhe 13 - Nakhu isikhumbuzo sikaMerneptah.

Ithuna kaRamses II - indawo lapho wangcwatshwa umbusi omkhulu. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lapha wavakashela abaphangi ethuneni. Abapristi idluliselwe ngokuphindaphindiwe umzimba kaRamses II. Nokho, zonke indawo yokungcwaba esisha kamuva phansi izigebengu. Ekugcineni Ramses mummy wafakwa enamadwala yokucasha elise Deir el-Bahia. Okwamanje, lilondolozwe iCairo Museum.

Ramses II - umuntu edume. umthetho kaFaro eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60. Kuyo yonke le minyaka azenzile kakhulu for ukuchuma kanye nokuqinisa amandla isimo waseGibhithe. Akekho umbusi okwalandela ayikwazanga ukudlula lo faro kaRamses II.