Indondo "Ukuze Defense of eCaucasus". Soviet imiklomelo lempi

Impi ye-eCaucasus isibe omunye waqopha isikhathi izimpi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Igama lesikhungo 1 Meyi 1944 indondo Kwaphawulwa kuphela esigabeni sokuqala udweshu phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ezindaweni sezintaba eningizimu ye-USSR, nakuba ngokuvumelana nesikhundla, ngendondo "Ukuze Defense of eCaucasus" yanikezwa abahlanganyeli kanye izimpi okuhlaselayo eyathatha 1943.

"Ukusebenza Edelweiss"

Hlela wasithatha ezifundeni eziyinhloko oil-producing, lapho iSoviet Union wayethola-85% impahla eluhlaza ukuba uqedwe, ke sivunyiwe ngehlobo lango-1942 Hitler iminyaka. Lo msebenzi lempi waqanjwa ikhodi igama elihle imbali entabeni. "Edelweiss" enikeziwe obuthathu nemivimbo imiselwe iqembu German wamabutho "A": Two - yokuwuthola izintaba of eCaucasus ne-umsebenzi amatheku ogwini Black Sea nokuhlaselwa yoLwandle iCaspian nge ukufinyelela esifundeni Baku, eyesithathu - ngokusebenzisa main eCaucasus entabeni uhla ukuthunjwa izinkambu amafutha Grozny.

Nanjengoba kwakuhlezi ezifakwa of tungsten futhi manganese, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka Ncibilikisa izikhali futhi steel armored, ukuthi ngemva kokushona Ukraine eCaucasus isibe omunye abahlinzeki ezinkulu okusanhlamvu, uhlelo "Edelweiss" ubeka eSoviet Union usesimweni esinzima kakhulu. Zonke yaklonyeliswa ngendondo "Ukuze Defense of eCaucasus" - kokubili amasosha nezakhamuzi, ekuqondeni okwakushiwo ukunqoba eningizimu, futhi kobukhulu lokulwa elaliphansi kwamagquma eCaucasus, kubhekwa umklomelo we omunye imiklomelo yodumo yazo zonke ngesikhathi sempi.

umbhali emfushane

Nikolay Ivanovich Moskalov. Igama umculi likhona incazelo izindondo imihlobiso, wadala ngomklamo wakhe. Phakathi kwabo, ngendondo "Ngoba Defense of Moscow", "Ngoba Ulwela kwaseStalingrad", njll,.. Kutuzov Order , futhi cishe umklomelo abahlonishwa kakhulu Umhlaba - Order lesosha Inkazimulo.

Indondo "Ngoba Defense of eCaucasus" ikhishwe kulolu chungechunge ukuthi umklamo walo umdwebi yisikhathi kuphela ukusebenzisa motifs kazwelonke nge geolocation: izimbali futhi amagilebhisi.

Incazelo uhlamvu lwemali

On the front ohlangothini round zethusi indondo "Ukuze wezokuVikela Caucasian" 32 mm ububanzi has intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke umfanekiso ezintabeni Caucasian - Elbrus. Phansi yayo - isithombe zemibhoshongo oil-producing, amathangi kanye izimoto bempi amasosha. Phezu kwentaba kukhona ezintathu izindiza ngalé. Konke lokhu lingaphakathi zokuhlobisa usebe esibonisa umvini. Engxenyeni engenhla - "Ngokuba Defense of eCaucasus" Kulo mbhalo oqoshiwe umnsalo-ezimise izinhlamvu ephakanyiswe. usebe okuhlobisa phezulu uhlukanisa inkanyezi ezansi - ibhande ngesando noma isikela futhi eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "USSR".

Flip ohlangothini uhlamvu lwemali - reverse - isixazululo lesifinyetiwe, okuyinto ifa abaningi ukulwa izindondo WWII: isando ayizindunduma isikela, nangaphansi kubo - okucashunwe ovundlile e obuthathu "Ukuze Motherland yethu namaSoviet".

amabhlogo Standard pentagonal okuyinto cishe zonke ukulwa izindondo zase-USSR, Friend moire iribhoni. ububanzi - 24 mm, umbala isizinda - omnqumo, emaphethelweni - imivimbo blue 2.5 mm ububanzi. Phakathi nawo - omnqumo strip (2 mm) nge nentaba obomvu esikhulu strip emhlophe (6 mm) nge nentaba okwesibhakabhaka.

Isigaba sokuqala se-Battle of eCaucasus

Operation "Edelweiss" ekuqaleni kwaba yimpumelelo ngoba ibutho lamaJalimane, waya ngokohlelo. Omunye ngemva komunye, bathunjwa emadolobheni amakhulu laseStavropol futhi Krasnodar esifundeni, kuhlanganise dolobha yesifunda, futhi Armavir, Elista, Mozdok, Maikop, futhi iningi Novorossiysk. Uphawu yokuphumelela amaNazi u ukutshala ngo-August 1942 iqembu elikhethekile abaqwali ne ifulege swastika phezu Elbrus.

ukubaleka iRed Army sika kwezinye izindawo entabeni wabheka asihlelekile nhlobo: umyalo Soviet besingalindele ukuthi amaJalimane sizohlasela ngokusebenzisa ezimangelengele ezigodini entabeni. Futhi kakhulu umehluko kwaba ekulungiseleleni abacibishelayo entabeni German futhi simelane iRed Army. Noma kunjalo, ngo-September 1942 Wehrmacht okuhlaselayo sanqamuka.

WeMithethonqubo ngendondo

Ngokusho Statute ngendondo waklonyeliswa zonke amasosha iRed Army, Navy namabutho NKVD, hhayi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu, waba nengxenye izimpi for eCaucasus esikhathini kusuka July 1942 kuya ku-October 1943. Thola abalimele kulezi izimpi ngendondo "Ukuze Defense of eCaucasus" wanikezwa kungakhathaliseki isikhathi tekuhlanganyela zaseCaucasia imisebenzi yezempi.

Abazihlelele futhi yaklonyeliswa ngendondo, kuhlanganise ngokubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni ezivikelweni, okwaqala ngo-1941. Izindondo banikwa kokuphindela eSoviet Union ngesisekelo imibhalo ekhishwe lempi, iziphathimandla zezokwelapha lempi iziphathimandla ezindaweni lapho izenzo wamabutho wathatha indawo: Krasnodar futhi laseStavropol Territories, Georgia ne Azerbaijan republic aseSoviet.

Njengazo zonke imiklomelo ezinjalo, ngendondo "Ukuze Defense of eCaucasus" esigqokwa ohlangothini lwesobunxele, endaweni wayezimisele ngemva ngendondo "Ukuze wezokuVikela Kiev."

counteroffensive Soviet

Isizathu esiyinhloko kokunqotshwa amaJalimane emkhankasweni eningizimu, abahlaziyi lempi ngokuthi ukuhlakazeka amabutho ngezindlela ezimbili - Caucasian futhi kwaseStalingrad, okwaholela Ukunqotshwa kwe-Wehrmacht ngesikhathi loMfula iVolga kanye kanye emikhawulweni Black futhi iCaspian iziLwandle. Kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko ezabonisa Soviet amasosha kanye amatilosi nokuqinisela nesibindi. AmaJalimane yehlulekile uthwebule noma kwaseStalingrad, hhayi ukuze ifohle iye Grozny futhi Baku.

Ngemva abanolaka izimpi ukuzivikela kusukela ekuqaleni 1943 iRed Army umkhankaso counteroffensive, kanti uma kungenjalo oda kaHitler ukuhoxisa ibutho eningizimu eCrimea, amabutho eyinhloko Army Iqembu "A" laliyokwakhiwa zizungezwé futhi ubhujiswe.

Ikakhulukazi umxhwele impi emoyeni ukuthi zenzeka e-Kuban esibhakabhakeni - okungenye yezinkundla ezinkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni. Winning lanikeza inzuzo ukuze pilot zaseSoviet emoyeni, ukuthi ungaphuthelwa ekupheleni kwempi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uvukile inkanyezi we umpetha Soviet Aleksandr Pokryshkina futhi ukhishwa umklomelo zokuhlonipha.

Okthoba 9 amasosha zokugcina German ushiye Peninsula Taman, eCaucasus Isikhishwe ngokugcwele. A streamer German kwehla kusuka phezulu eNtabeni Elbrus Soviet amasosha-abaqwali ngo-February 1943. Kunalokho, bathunywa ukuba ayephakamisa amafulegi wase-USSR.

South umnsalo

Igama elizibekela isethi imiklomelo emithathu - izindondo zase-USSR, anikezelwe izenzakalo esigabeni eseningizimu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe - umnsalo Southern. "Ngoba Defense of eCaucasus" - umvuzo omkhulu kakhulu kule sethi: ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 870 waklonyeliswa wakhe ngo-1985 Kuhlanganisa enye indondo "Ngoba Ulwela Sevastopol '(ayizinkulungwane 52,5 ukhishwa) futhi" Ukuze wezokuVikela Odessa "(acishe abe yizinkulungwane 30. ), owasungulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo - Disemba 22, 1942.

Madoda Southern aguqe, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-990 kuphela abantu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke lezi iyona edume Marshal Amalotha Mihaylovich Budenny - wayala uxhumano ahlanganyela kulo izimpi ezinzima kunazo we Isigaba sokuqala se-impi ogwini Black Sea. Kodwa imemori zaphakade zokuba feat lifanele impela kubahlanganyeli labo izimpi - kusukela letetayelekile letiya kumalunga Marshal.