M. I. Platov Ataman: Biography, inzalo Cossacks Ataman Platova Matveya Ivanovicha

Omunye izibalo ezithakazelisa kakhulu Impi Ye-1812 kuyinto Matvei Platov - Ataman kwezinhloko zamaviyo Don Cossack. Wayengumuntu ngempela emangalisayo futhi ezithakazelisayo. Ngaphezu neMpi Yezwe II, nezinye izimpi eziningi iqhaza Ataman Platov. Biography of lo muntu uyoba ekhulunywe yethu.

intsha

Ikusasa Ataman Matvey Ivanovich Platov wazalwa ngo-August 1751 e Cherkassk, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyinhloko-dolobha ye-Don Cossacks. Uyise, u-Ivan, ingeyamakhosi izindlu we Cossack officer, nonina, u-Anna Illarionovna (b. 1733), waba umngane othembekile zokuphila kumyeni wakhe.

Ngaphezu Mathewu, umndeni kwadingeka izingane ezintathu okuningi, konke besilisa: Andrew, uStephen uPetru.

Esinjani imisebenzi ngeke ukhetha inkambo esizayo Ataman M. I. Platov, akungabazeki kwaba. Yiqiniso, indodana Cossack ubengase kube Cossack.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nanhlanu, Mathewu wajoyina ehhovisi lika Don Cossacks, kuyilapho elisezingeni usayitsheni. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu wathola isihloko esilandelayo - Ukaputeni Cossack.

Platov wayesenze amaphutha wazimisa njengonegunya indoda wemfanelo kuhambisana yiliphi ibhizinisi.

Enkundleni yempi

Ikusasa Ataman Matvei Platov wathatha ingxenye empini Russian-Turkish ka 1768-1774. Ngo 1771 wahlanganyela kuhlaselwa the Perekop umugqa futhi Kinburn, okuyinto kukora kahle. Ngemva konyaka wayeseboshwe ukuphathiswa umyalo we ibutho we Don Cossacks. Ngo-1774, Matvei waya eCaucasus Front, lapho bahlanganyela ukucindezelwa wokuvukela ku Kuban Highlanders ezasekela ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey.

Ngemva kokuphela kwempi Russian-Turkish e 1775 M. Platov ezimpini abacindezela kokuhlubuka kuka Pugachev. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi wabuyela North eCaucasus, lapho eminyakeni 1782-1784 yokulwela nezihlubuki Lezgins, Nogais futhi Chechens.

I-Russian-Turkish impi ezilandelayo (1787-1791 biennium). Leli thimba laphinde wathatha esebenzayo kakhulu. With iqhaza ayekanye naye Storming nezinqaba njengoba Ochakov (1788), Ackerman (1789), Bender (1789), no-Ishmayeli (1790). Ngo 1789, futhi balwa impi Russian empini mayelana Causeni.

zobuqhawe bakhe enkundleni ka bokulwa uye waphawuleka. Kusukela 1790 Platov - Ataman Chuguevsky futhi Ekaterinoslav Regiment, futhi 1793 wathola isikhundla uMajor General.

Ngo 1796, Matvei bahlanganyela emkhankasweni Persian, Nokho, okuyinto, ngokushesha kukhanselwe.

ihlazo

Hhayi injabulo wedwa wayazi M. I. Platov. Ataman kusolakala koMbusi uPawulu esiqintini kuyo badingiselwa Kostroma. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1797. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile wathunyelwa inqaba, okwakusho i okubi kakhulu nakakhulu wecala.

Itshe Eliyigugu Platov wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu 1801, lapho uPawulu esenqume kuye esetilongweni Ataman iqhaza emkhankasweni Indian eyayisondela. Nokho, adventurousness kwalolu hlelo, kanye nokufa koMbusi akazange avumele ukuba sifeze loluhlelo.

Ehola Don Cossacks

INdodana uPawulu u-Alexander I, owayenguyise uMbusi waseRussia, axhasa Matvei ngemva kokushona kukayise. Kusukela 1801 Platov - Ataman we Don Cossacks. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waba umholi we zonke Don Cossacks. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Matvei ukhushuliwe uLieutenant jikelele.

Isikhundla esisha Unikeze i ezingeni nakakhulu umthwalo phambi kombusi kanye nembuso. Yiqiniso, umthwalo wemfanelo kungaba akuqede wanoma yimuphi umuntu, kodwa hhayi umuntu kwakufanele akhokhe. Ataman we Don Cossacks uye kabusha isakhiwo ekade kuze kube manje ngempela disordered. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1805 Platov eyasungulwa inhloko-dolobha entsha ye Don Cossacks - Novocherkassk.

Impi yezwe Napoleon

Cossack Ataman Platov, eholwa kwamasosha umkhuzi wawo, waba nengxenye War of the Okwesine Coalition ngokumelene Napoleon. Kwakulwelwa ikakhulukazi endaweni zoMbuso yasePrussia.

Platov uqobo wayala amabutho akhe Battle of Eylau, ngemva kwalokho ayedumile emhlabeni. Cossacks wakhe isinyathelo uncharacteristically ngenxa yezimpi kwesikhathi kunangesikhathi kakhulu bekhungathekile isitha. Babesebenzisa yabashokobezi amacebo kwempi, ethelekela esheshayo ezinhlangothini isitha futhi kubabulali umonakalo eside.

Ngemva kokusayina Tilsit ukuthula isivumelwano phakathi Russia nase France e 1807, uNapoleon mathupha uncome Platov. Yena amnikeza snuffbox ezibalulekile. Futhi iButho Udumo ukuba idunyiswe ukukhokha. Ataman wenqaba lolu dumo, bephawula lokuthi hhayi ingaba njengelive lelitimele langaphandle.

Omunye izinkampani ebaluleke kakhulu isikhathi kumelwe kuphawulwe empini Russian-Turkish ka 1806-1812, lapho Platov Cossack lamabutho sebebe nempumelelo ekuhlinzeni. Khona-ke wavuka esicongweni esisha - Jikelele Cavalry.

Umhlaba impi II

Kodwa uphawu elikhulu biography of Platov ushiye neMpi Patriotic ka 1812 , kanye Napoleon.

Ekuqaleni le kaNapoleon ayehlasela pay ngqo wayala wonke amaviyo Cossack, kodwa ke isimo kwamphoqa ukuba ahole eziqhelelene. Njengasekugumbuqelweni umkhankaso odlule ngokumelene Napoleon, izenzo Cossacks Platov ngenxa ukufika kwalo ngokuzumayo alethwe izinkinga eziningi yisitha. It amabutho Platov ephethwe wasithatha sombutho isiFulentshi, awuthumbe amaphepha ebalulekile Jikelele Sebastiani.

Impi yokuqala yimpumelelo amasosha kaNapoleon Platov labetibambile ngoJuni eduze nedolobhana Mir, okuyinto waphula lamabutho ka Jikelele Rozhnetskogo. Ngemva Battle of Saltykovka Cossacks ukumboza ukubaleka General Bagration, ngemva kwempi ye-Smolensk, Platov wathatha phezu umyalo ibutho labaqaphi elingemuva ka wonke amaviyo Russian abaqhubeka ashona.

Kodwa ngokushesha isimo sesishintshile. Ngo-August, ngesicelo inkosi-umbusi Chief Barclay de Tolley, Platov ukuthi baxoshwa ebuthweni. Ngokusho kwamaphepha olusemthethweni, ngoba "ukuphatha kabi". Kodwa, ngokusho imithombo eyamukelwayo, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuxoshwa Platov wakhonza njengephayona imizamo yakhe unxanela zotshwala.

Nokho, ngokushesha Platov wabuya futhi bahlanganyela impi ye Borodino, kanye kule womkhandlu Fili. Futhi lowo mhlangano, wamelana ukubaleka kusukela eMoscow.

Lapho ibutho sikaNapoleon aqala ukuhoxa ezivela eRussia, okungukuthi Platov kwaholela ukuphishekela kwakhe. Njengoba abaphathi ukholelwa amayunithi yayo mobile kungenzeka umonakalo esiphezulu nesitha.

umkhankaso Foreign futhi umfanekiso Cossacks isiko European

amabutho Platov sika, ngesikhathi sokunconywa wathola isihloko ukubala, kwabokuqala seniliwelile emdeni Empire Russian ku Neman futhi waqala ukuphishekela ibutho sikaNapoleon isivele ngaphandle kwezwe. Baqala ukuvinjezelwa eDanzig, owahlala Jikelele MacDonald.

Ngemva Ataman M. Platov ikakhulu etholakala endlunkulu kuKesari, kodwa amasosha Cossack liqhubekile njengoba ngempumelelo ekuphishekeleni isitha. Ngezinye izikhathi Matvei wabelwa lokuyala amayunithi ngabanye. Ikakhulukazi, wahola ukuhlukana impi of Leipzig, elika Battle bezizwe.

amayunithi Cossack lidlule wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eFrance, lapho Napoleon ngemvume sokunikela. Cossacks Platov ukubukeka kwabo, kanye nezinga eliphansi yesiyalo kuka amayunithi yebutho njalo, ethuke hhayi kuphela amabutho esitha, kodwa futhi ukuba abantu baseYurophu abavamile. Ngemva lo mkhankaso isithombe Cossack Russian baba archetypal e isiko European.

ukufa ataman

Matvey Platov washona ngoJanuwari 1818, edolobhaneni at yaseTaganrog, phezu kwezwe ungowokuzalwa Don, eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 66. Ngakho akubi omunye izibalo ezimatasa emlandweni Don Cossacks.

Platov ekuqaleni wangcwatshwa Novocherkassk, kodwa ke sekulandela uchungechunge kabusha ecabangela ukungcwatshwa kwami. Ataman Grave bawona ngu amaBolshevik. Ekugcineni, ngo-1993, izinsalela Matveya Platova bangcwatshwa endaweni efanayo.

Umkhaya nenzalo

Matvei Platov wayeshadile kabili. Umshado wokuqala yena kuhlangene Nadezhda Stepanovna Efrayimi, okuyinto eyabangela Ataman umzukulu Don Cossacks. Kulesi umshado 1777 engazala indodana, u-Ivan, nokho, yena, ushone ekuseni njengoba 1806, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba kokufa kukayise. Ngemva nje kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe e 1783, wafa Nadezhda Stepanovna.

Okwesibili ingubo umshado ihlanganisa Marfa Dmitrievna Martynova, okuyiwona wona futhi kwaba umshado wesibili. Wabuye wayevela Cossack Hetman uhlobo. Bona wayenamadodana amabili (UMathewu noJohane) namadodakazi amane (Marta, u-Anna, Maria, Alexandra).

UMarta D. wafa ngasekupheleni 1812. Ngemva kwalokho M. Platov waphila mshado wasehhovisi u-Elisabethi wanqotshwa inkosi British.

inzalo Ataman Platov ngokusebenzisa namadodana akhe uMathewu Ivan babe isihloko ukubala.

izici ataman

Ataman Platov wayengumuntu omuhle ezithakazelisayo, owanikela eziningi inkonzo umzamo njengezitha zezwe lokhokho. nobuqhawe yakhe ngokungangabazeki isibonelo izingane. Futhi, kunzima overestimate okomnikelo Matvey Ivanovich kwetinhlavu okungajwayelekile Don Cossacks enamandla ngempela butho, sesabeka kakhulu isitha.

Yiqiniso, njenganoma iyiphi yisidalwa esingumuntu, isikhulu edume kwaba nezihibe. Zihlanganisa, isibonelo, zingaqalwa njengengcenye ukuluthwa ngokweqile otshwaleni. Noma kunjalo, izimfanelo zakhe ezinhle kakhulu wamahlula zamehlo.

Njengoba ubona, omunye abanegama isikhathi sakhe esiningi kubonakala Ataman Platov. Photo, ngeshwa, azitholakali, kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, ubuciko izithombe ayikaziwa emhlabeni. Nokho, zikhona abaningana impela ekumeni, egcwele abaculi abanamakhono ukuthi sinethuba ukucabanga isithombe umholi omkhulu.

Omunye waleyo misebenzi isithombe posthumous Platov ngomculi abadumile IsiZulu George Dawe ngaleso sikhathi. Lesi sithombe esingenhla. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka izici sangaphandle womuntu sihleli ke, Ataman Platov wayengumuntu onamandla futhi nginenhliziyo. Ngenxa imisebenzi enjalo, singabona ukuthi yiziphi enkulu emlandweni ezenzeka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka edlule.