Parsuna - kuba uhlobo portraiture lasendulo futhi kancane-wafunda

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka isintu uzamile wasithatha osizungezile, imicabango nemizwa yami. Kwakuphakathi nesikhathi esithile ngaphambi imidwebo emhumeni kwashintsha kwaba isithombe agcwele. NgeNkathi Ephakathi portraiture uzwakalise ogxile e ubuso image yabangcwele - iconography. Yingaleso kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, abadwebi siqale ukudala ekumeni zabantu bangempela kuphela: zezombusazwe, umphakathi kanye namasiko izibalo. Lolu hlobo lobuciko ibizwa ngokuthi "parsuna" (isithombe umsebenzi abekwe ngezansi). Lolu hlobo lwe-portrait Umdwebo yathi chithi saka ku isiko Russian, Belarusian futhi Ukraine.

Parsuna - kuyini?

Igama lalesi uhlobo Umdwebo okuvela angahleliwe lesiLatin elithi umlingisi - «ungubani». Uqinisile ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi lo mfanekiso isithombe e-Europe. Parsuna - igama ejwayelekile imisebenzi isiRashiya, isi-Ukrainian futhi Belarusian portraiture ekupheleni eminyaka 16-17th, elihlanganisa isithonjana-umdwebo nge incazelo enengqondo kakhudlwana. Lena ekuseni futhi ngandlela-thile bakudala uhlobo portraiture, ezivamile endaweni Russian. Parsuna - iyona lahlotshaniswa yoqobo umqondo yesimanje "portrait", kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amasu kanye nesitayela yokuloba isikhathi.

Ukuvela kwegama elithi

Ngo 1851 yanyatheliswa hlobo "Antiquities yasesifundeni sase-Russian", equkethe imifanekiso eminingi. Isigaba sesine sencwadi uhlanganiswe Snegirevym I. M., owaqala Uzame fingqa zonke izinto ekhona emlandweni portrait Russian. Kukholakala ukuthi umbhali wokuqala Wabhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi parsuna ezinjalo. Nokho, njengoba elithi ngokwesayensi ukuthi izwi sandile engxenyeni kwekhulu lama-20 wesibili emva kokushicilelwa Ovchinnikova, E. S., "Portrait zobuciko Russian kwekhulu XVII." Kuyagcizelelwa ukuthi parsuna - lokhu ekuseni Iyizeli portraiture ekupheleni eminyaka 16-17th.

izici Isici uhlobo

Parsuna sekukhona ngesikhathi ukwedlulela umlando isiRashiya, lapho izwe medieval owayelashwa umdlavuza ukuguqulwa, okwaholela ukuvela kwezifiso entsha kwezobuciko. Kukholakala ukuthi umsebenzi kule art isiqondiso adalwe abadwebi we Armoury - Ushakovym S. F., Odolska G., Bezminym I. A., Maksimov IV, Choglokovym M. I. nabanye. Nokho, lezi imisebenzi yobuciko ngokuvamile esisayinwe Abadali yayo, ngakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zabhalwa imisebenzi ethile akunakwenzeka. Usuku lokubhala yalo mfanekiso futhi kungekho ndawo ebonisa ukuthi ebambezela ukusungulwa ukulandelana iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo wendalo.

Parsuna - a uhlobo portraiture, esadaleka bedle izikole Western Europe. Indlela nesitayela yencwadi yadluliselwa ezinemibala egqamile futhi kuhle ezimibalabala, kodwa namanje ihlonishwe isiko iconographic. parsuna sekukonke heterogeneous kokubili endabeni okuxoxwa ngayo kanye nemigomo zobuchwepheshe, futhi stylistically. Nokho, bonke kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe uwoyela upende ukwakha isithombe ku-canvas. Portrait wafana idluliselwa okunemibandela kakhulu, ngokuvamile usebenzise noma iyiphi izimfanelo noma isignesha ngalo ungakwazi ukunquma umuntu okhonjiswa.

Njengoba Lev Lifshits, Ph.D, abalobi parsuna wazama ngempela ukudlulisela ezicini zobuso noma isimo sengqondo umuntu besho, babefuna ukuchibiyela lokho ababekubona bagcine canons isikrini isethulo ecacile izibalo, okuyinto kuyohambisana esicongweni noma isikhundla onobuhle - inxusa, umbusi, Prince, nkosi. Ukuze ukuqonde kangcono lokho parsuna, nje sibheke ekumeni of isikhathi.

izinhlobo

Ukuze ngandlela-thile uhlele amakhophi portraiture wangaleyo nkathi, abagxeki banamuhla baye bathola imikhakha parsuna elandelayo, esekelwe abasebenzi yokuhlabelela yokudweba:

- tempera ebhodini, ethuneni ekumeni (uTheodore A., Fyodor Ivanovich, u-Alexei Mikhailovich);

- Image izicukuthwane: izikhulu, izikhonzi (Lyutkin igalari Repnin, Naryshkin);

- wokwehlayo Image Church (uMuzi Nikon);

- "parsuna" isithonjana.

"Picturesque" ( "parsuna") isithonjana

Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa nezithombe zosanta, okuyiwona umculi isicelo upende uwoyela (okungenani e izingqimba ezimibalabala). Le nqubo kwemifanekiso ezifana eduze European zakudala. "Parsuna" isithonjana kungokwalabo kwesikhathi zesikhashana imidwebo. Kukhona amasu ezimbili eziyisisekelo classical imidwebo amafutha, ifanekisela ubuso abangcwele ngesikhathi:

- uthathelwe ngendwangu ngokusebenzisa phansi ebumnyameni;

- Umsebenzi esisekelweni lokhuni nge inhlabathi ukukhanya.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi parsuna - lokhu wafunda ngokugcwele uhlobo portrait yokudweba Russian. Futhi isiko uzokwenza bathole okuningi mnandi kule ndawo.