Inqubomgomo Foreign Ivana Groznogo

4 Ivan wathatha isihloko yinkosi eneminyaka engu-iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa (1547, January). Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona lukhulu zezombusazwe. Njengoba amandla State eMoscow kwaqinisa ukuze zikwazi ukukhonza umbusi wegunya yimuphi umzamo ukuze ingafaki abantu abavela emindenini ahlukile eduze phezulu isimo. Lesi sihloko setha isahluko amandla belingana ne ababusi baseByzantium kanye khans we zidlamlilo.

Ekupheleni kuka-1540s le Tsar Ivan imvelo 4 akhiwa abantu abaseduze. Lo mbuthano wabizwa ngokuthi "Rada Okukhethiwe". Ezifuywayo angaphandle Politika Ivana 4 imisebenzi uhulumeni abangu okuhloswe ikakhulukazi ukuqinisa amandla eyodwa, isandiso, kanye nokuvikela imingcele.

Injongo eyinhloko ohlangothini eningizimu kwaba ukuvimbela ayehlasela YaseCrimea AmaTatar. Ukuze wenze lokhu, Tula umugqa ukuzivikela (sivikele) yayakhiwe. Ngo-1559 umkhankaso kwenziwa eCrimea, okuyinto ukuhluleka eRussia. Nokho, ngo-1572, ehlobo, amaTartar ephethwe ukuyeka. Prince Vorotynsky ephethwe ukubhubhisa ibutho abantu YaseCrimea.

Inqubomgomo Foreign Ivana Groznogo ohlangothini empumalanga ephawulwe impumelelo kahle esikhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, uhambo phezulu 1550s eRussia bajoyine yamazwe amabili ayizikhondlakhondla Tatar, kwakhiwa emva kokuwa zidlamlilo: Khanate Kazan wanqotshwa e-1552, kanye Astrakhan Khanate - e 1556 Ngenxa yalokho, imingcele Muscovite isimo wanda kakhulu imingcele Asia. Esikhathini 1580s ekuseni Russia isidlulile futhi kwalemincele: ibutho Cossack ukuba Ermak wahola uhambo eSiberia. Ngenxa yalokho lo mkhankaso wahlulwa laseSiberia Khan Kuchum, nezwe lakhe lebhalwe Russia. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba eSiberia.

Inqubomgomo Foreign Ivana Groznogo washintsha emva yokufuna amasimu iVolga esifundeni. Manje isithakazelo isimo yayimelelwe asentshonalanga. Inhloso Ukubheduka kweMpi Livonian kwaba ukunqoba kundawo kuya oLwandle iBaltic. Ngesikhathi kuqala impi, inhlanhla kwaba ohlangothini Russia. Oda Livonian e 1561 ekugcineni isihlakazeka. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uzuza kwezinhloko zamaviyo Russian waphikisa izithakazelo Sweden, Denmark nePoland. Lawa mazwe baye badlula indawo yakwa-Order eziphukile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Russia usephoqeleke ukuba abaleke ukubhekana hhayi nomunye kodwa amandla ezintathu ezinkulu. Ngakho, esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu-1563-64 amatutu Ivan 4 wahlupheka uchungechunge kwezithiyo.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngenxa yokwesabela oluqinisayo ka Muscovy, eLithuania nase Poland zimunye Rzeczpospolita.

Russia lahluleka eMpini Livonian. i ukuxolelana esasayinwa ngo-1582. Ngokusho kwakhe phakathi Poland neRussia, umngcele odlule. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ukuthula sasenziwa Sweden. Ngakho, inqubomgomo angaphandle Ivana Groznogo ohlangothini entshonalanga ayizange kwaholela wayefisa imingcele izandiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Russia waphoqeleka ukunikezela ezinye izindawo (Koporje, Yam Ivangorod).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubomgomo angaphandle Ivana Groznogo akugcini isinyathelo sezempi. Russia kusukela maphakathi nawo wangekhulu le-16, uqala ukuqinisa ukuma yayo emhlabeni, ukuze babe nobuhlobo ne Denmark, imizi isiNtaliyane, uMbuso German. ERussia eleza ngemva India nase-Iran.

Ivan 4 inamathela kakhulu ukuba nobudlelwano obuhle eBrithani. Kusukela 1555 kuleli zwe Baqala ukwenza "Muscovy Inkampani," okuyinto wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza ibhizinisi eRussia ngaphandle kokukhokha imisebenzi. yohwebo ayethwala ngokusebenzisa iNgelosi Enkulu, zakhiwe njengegumbi itheku ngoba nemibuthano yezohwebo kanye British, okuyinto uvuliwe zonke Russian North ukuhwebelana.

Ngakho, imiphumela inqubomgomo angaphandle Ivana Groznogo sivezwe hhayi kuphela ukunwetshwa ensimini ka amandla, kodwa futhi ukwakha ubungane nge emazweni ahlukahlukene ezinkulu zomhlaba.