Edgar Degas: Biography, imisebenzi edume kunazo zonke. Edgar Degas - French umdwebi Impressionist

Ngo sixties kwekhulu XIX eFrance owasungula i ukunyakaza kwezobuciko, kabani abamele ngokusebenzisa emibonweni yabo kudlula ngokushesha nezwe baye bafuna ukufeza isithombe lemvelo kanye ezicacile zendlela yakhe. It wathola igama kusukela French elithi impressionism umbono - umbono. Omunye abameleli bhá lokhu mkhuba kwaba umdwebi Edgar Degas, omisebenzi yakhe wavula isahluko esisha emhlabeni umdwebo.

lwaya Wezingane ne Umdwebo

umculi Ikusasa wazalwa ngo-1834 e-Paris emndenini ocebile, okuyinto babevela ahlukile. Igama lakhe kulotshiwe - de Ha (i-kuyizinhlayiyana "de" kubonisa umsuka yizicukuthwane), kodwa engu amadala bedle Edgar egcwele imibono yakhe yezenhlalakahle uyishintshile a yelinyenti - Degas.

Passion ngomdwebo nokudweba kamuva, wabonakalisa esemncane, kodwa uyise - Imenenja nokubambisana Umnikazi welinye lamabhange amakhulu waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha - Awabelani indodana intshiseko, waprofetha ummeli wakhe esikhathini esizayo. Nokho, kusetshenziswa ukuvumela umuntu omusha akanandaba isinkwa sazo sansuku zonke futhi ukunikela ngaso sonke isikhathi sakhe ukuze umdlalo wakhe. Ngakho imisebenzi yakhe ekuseni. Edgar Degas, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, kakade ngaleso sikhathi yabonisa ezazidingeka umuntu olwela ukungenzi phutha esizayo, ngokuphindaphindiwe yokukopisha izithombe zabo futhi uzama ngibalethe ekupheleleni.

Passion umsebenzi Ingres, futhi ekuqaleni cwaningo

Wokuphila ziye zaphawula ukuthi phakathi kwalabo ubelokhu emthanda amakhosi neyaziwayo shayela nethonya elikhulu Degas kwadingeka Zhan Ogyust Engr, bobuchule, okuyinto zashiya izibazi ngemisebenzi yabo. Edgar Degas ngesikhathi eneminyaka engamashumi amabili, waqala izifundo zakhe e Umdwebo studio ka omunye wabafundi nezithombe zakhe - Lui Lamota, sekukhohlakele, futhi phakathi naleyo minyaka engu lavuselelwa ububanzi.

Ngesikhathi ngihlala kwa-Paris, Edgar uchitha isikhathi esiningi kuyi-Louvre amahholo lapho ukukopisha imidwebo ngu ezindala, ukuzama ukuqonda izimfihlo yobuciko zabo. Ukuba nekhono zezimali ukuhamba, wabuye wavakashela iminyuziyamu engcono e-Italy, lapho ahlangana khona ne yobuciko yokudweba geniuses of Italian Renaissance - Giotto, Ghirlandaio, Bellini, Mantegna nezinye abaculi abaye baba nezimpawu kwenkathi omkhulu kunayo yonke zobuciko.

izinyathelo Okokuqala

Ukubuyela Paris, Degas iba umnikazi we studio yakhe siqu, elisebenza ikakhulu ukudalwa ekumeni futhi imidwebo izindikimba zomlando. Okuningi e Florence he khiqiza imidwebo eminingi, lapho umculi osemusha ithumba umndeni wakhe isiNtaliyane, yokwamukela wajabulela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Le misebenzi kade ubufakazi ngokuphathelene nokuzalwa entsha master portraitist.

Nokho, sixties ekuseni, uze kuqala umsebenzi wakhe ugxila Degas emidwebweni zomlando ngawo Inethemba lokwenza nodumo nokuqashelwa. Wabhala uchungechunge lwezinsiza-imidwebo izindaba lasendulo futhi ephakathi, kodwa abawona yimpumelelo. Sekuvele ithuba ukhulume ukwehluleka umdwebi kule uhlobo.

Mhlawumbe imidwebo kuphela ovuthiwe ngempela, Degas wadala ekuqa- sixties, ke kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha isithombe-Florentine umndeni wakhe - umndeni Belleli bona, waqala emuva e-Italy, futhi waqeda lapho esephindele kusuka uhambo. Lena usayizi useyile omkhulu lapho izibalo eziboniswe yobude obugcwele, uye lithathwa izakhi lesikole zasendulo imidwebo, futhi eziningi izinhlamvu izici umfanekiso namaqiniso eyenziwe entsha ngesikhathi ngendlela kwezobuciko.

Ukujwayeleka ne Impressionists

Ngiqinisile senguquko umsebenzi umculi kwaqala ngo-1861, lapho ehlangana omunye wabasunguli be-nascent ngesikhathi Impressionism Eduardom Mane. Siyabonga kuye, Degas wajoyina kwesiyingi abadwebi abazinikela kulo mkhuba omusha kwezobuciko. Kodwa naphezu izikhundla ezivamile, phakathi okuyinto ebalulekile elalihlala ukwenqaba art olusemthethweni zezemfundo, nge izigcawu zayo wasebenza ezingaphili, nabantu abasha ngalesi Degas wathola futhi umehluko othile.

Ngokungafani amaningi Impressionists, akakuthandanga ukusebenza endaweni evulekile - ngaphandle, ucabangela ukuthi dissipates ukunakwa. Umculi ayethanda studio, lapho isimo sivuma ukwenzisa oko- Cabangisisa kabanzi futhi oqotho ukudalwa lo mdwebo. Izikhonzi imisebenzi yakhe ikakhulu ezihlobene ezweni opera, yaseshashalazini kanye kafeshantanov.

Esinye, umehluko ebalulekile yokusebenzelana lokusungula Degas usebenza kusuka kubangani bakhe entsha, kwaba isifiso ukudala imisebenzi ukuma kwezenhlalo, unvarnished esibonisa ukuphila emzungezile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma Impressionists igcile ukukhanya (isibonelo elikhanyayo iyona Umdwebo Monet kanye Manet), imidwebo ngu Degas eligcizelela ezihambayo.

Abaningi balabagxeki ehola zibalwa njengoba art lakhe impressionism, kodwa kufanele bacabangele ukuthi kakhulu moya ngokwabo uzama ukwehlukana abaculi kanye nemisebenzi yabo izitayela. Edgar Degas kulokhu kuphela yisifiso ezivamile eveza ubuciko eyinqaba ngesikhathi, futhi kwenza kuba quirky futhi ngabanye.

Franco-Prussian neMpi futhi eminyakeni eyalandela

Ephoqelekile ukuba abhodloze umsebenzi umdwebi sika kwabangelwa kokugqashuka ngo-1870, iMpi Franco-Prussian. Degas kanye art ayekanye nabo Manet, isisebenzi sokuzithandela waya phambi, lapho kuqala wakhonza ibutho elihamba, bese wadluliselwa wezikhali. Demobilized ekupheleni ubutha, wathumela ngo-1971, lokuqala eBrithani bese izihlobo zabo emgqeni komama eMelika.

Lapho iminyaka emibili kamuva Degas waphindela eFrance, izikhathi ezinzima waqala ngaye. Uyise washona, washiya kungekho ngemuva izikweletu ezinkulu. Ukuze alondoloze idumela lomkhaya, Edgar okhokhela kubo ukuthengisa hhayi kuphela bahlangana yabo iqoqo umndeni emidwebo ezindala, kodwa futhi ekhaya. Ngokokuqala ngqá ekuphileni kwakhe ukuze baziphilise.

Ukuhlanganyela nemibukiso

Okuwukuphela kwendlela kulesi simo kwaba ezama ukudayisa emisebenzini yawo siqu. Edgar Degas izimoto kule minyaka emibili ezayo, kuba ingxenye nemibukiso eziyisikhombisa ihlelwe abangane bakhe umdwebi Impressionist, futhi, njengoba imisebenzi yakhe ube impumelelo efanayo ne abathengi ezingaba, ophindisela izikweletu zalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waba kahle eyaziwa ngokuthi omunye abadwebi ezivelele kunazo zonke ngaleso sikhathi.

Isebenza ezinikele isihloko ballet

Imisebenzi yakhe zingahlukaniswa zibe izindawo eziningana thematic, enye yazo kakhulu yatuswa ngumphakathi, kwaba umfanekiso izigcawu ballet ethulwa nabo umusa, kodwa ngaphandle eyeqisayo kakhulu. Uma umsebenzi amandulela, lapho izinkanyezi ballet kuvezwa zakudala, kodwa elingenalo ukuphila siyingozi, ufana nobani kakhulu umagazini nesembozo, le umdansi Degas lalibonakala liqhakazile futhi ngokwemvelo, kwakheka umuzwa lokuphila umusa. Phakathi imisebenzi edume kakhulu lokhu umjikelezo - "The Dance Class" (1873), "Dancer esiteji" (1879), "I abadansi e ukubuyekeza" (1879) kanye "Blue Abadansi" (1890).

Scenes kusukela Life kafeshantanov

Esinye isihloko lapho ebhala imisebenzi yakhe Edgar Degas, yimpilo we kafeshantanov waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha. Indawo intandokazi lapho athola kwezihloko i imidwebo yakhe, kwaba Monceau epaki, ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi, Degas nalapho imisebenzi Toulouse-Lautrec. Ngamabomu kafeshantannoy ukuphila yeningi, ngezinye izikhathi verging ku vulgarity, bakhangwa umculi.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Degas enganikanga bakhethe izikhungo ezithile. Kuyinto uzimisele ngokufanayo khona lokuqala rate, kanye cafe ku -Élysées, kanye nezindawo zokucima ukoma ezingabazisayo Belleville. Lapha edala yesehlakalo ekhululekile kakhulu beyibonakala wahlwithwa ukuphila ngokwako. Lesi sigaba iyona edume kunayo art imidwebo "Ikhonsathi e Cafe" (1877), "Lo mculi ne igilavu" (1878) kanye "Lo mculi enkundleni" (1877).

Okunye imisebenzi yobuciko

Edgar Degas art okuyinto umlethe owaziwa, omningi futhi ngokwanele ethize uhlobo usebenzisa iyashintsha iyaphupha ibe - onomfutho ngesimo emincane anemibala sombala ingxube ne ukwengeza ingcina. Le nqubo akunzima ikakhulukazi, bavunyelwe sifinyelele ukukhanya futhi freshness amathoni. Wakujabulela ngenkathi eziningi abaculi-Impressionists.

A uhlobo "kulokoza" kuthintwa kuhlangene amathoni ocebile te ka Degas uvunyelwe ukudala emisebenzini yakhe isimo ezimibalabala esiyingqayizivele. Phakathi imisebenzi edume kunazo kwenziwe kule nqubo, ungabiza Umdwebo "Blue Abadansi" agcinwe eMoscow Museum of Fine Arts iqanjwe Pushkin.

Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso Degas Art

Uma kuziwa master ezinkulu futhi enza izinto ezihlukahlukene, khona-ke ngesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi yonke imisebenzi yakhe ngohlobo. Edgar Degas eziphathelene nalesi sigaba abaculi ngubani bashiya umlando ongeke ocebile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yobuciko. Ngaphezu Eminye imidwebo kapende kawoyela kanye pastels, iningi abadumile babe yezicathulo zakhe kanye nemidwebo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngeminyaka, umculi waqala ukulahlekelwa umbono wakhe futhi ayethanda ebaziwe. Ukusebenza ngobumba usimende, wayeqondiswa kakhulu ngokuthinta - izandla indawo amehlo akhe.

ukuphila Sunset lomdwebi

Awuzange ukulungisa impilo yakhe siqu, Edgar Degas wachitha Kule minyaka embalwa edlule iyodwa. Kuyinto cishe ngokuphelele abayizimpumputhe, okuyinto bancishwa kuye ithuba ukuba baqhubeke nomsebenzi. Ngenhlanhla, ngezidingo ezingokwenyama lomculi singakazalwa nakuzalwa kusukela inkazimulo nodumo avunyelwe ukuthengisa ngamanani engakaze yenziwe ngalezo zikhathi ngaphambi kokuba baqale umsebenzi.

Edgar Degas, ogama biography kuchazwa esihlokweni, washona ngo-September 27, 1917. Ngo uhambo lwakhe lokugcina ephelezelwa ezimbalwa abasindile ngaphezulu abaculi nabo, phakathi kwabo Klod Mone futhi UJean-Louis forró. Emngcwabeni ayizange wayesememeza inkulumo eside - kwakuceliwe ezinsukwini zokugcina Edgar Degas yena.

Imisebenzi, uhlu okuyinto engena Isikhwama segolide yobuciko emhlabeni

Yadlula iminyaka. Ngokombono isikhathi waqala ukuba waqonda ngendlela entsha, imisebenzi eminingi wadala esikhathini esidlule. Edgar Degas nangemisebenzi yakhe zaba isihloko ekutadisheni izizukulwane-mlando zezobuciko. I yobuciko embukisweni namuhla eminyuziyamu engcono zezwe futhi ukuziqhenya lamaqoqo amakhulu yangasese.

Degas ongenagama akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuthuthukiswa ubuciko French nasemazweni angaphandle we yesithathu yokugcina XIX and zakuqala XX leminyaka. Namuhla, amahholo Louvre abaculi abasha yokukopisha imidwebo yakhe kanye eminyakeni eminingi edlule, wayesenza umsebenzi, ukukhiqiza futhi imisebenzi ezindala. Kubo isikole sifana nenkundla kuphila okuyigugu yakhe, ubuciko babo, yonke imisebenzi. Edgar Degas ngokufanelekile waba omunye abaculi ezivelele emhlabeni.