Isifo usekela Russia

Isifo usekela Russia - nenkathi eyiminyaka engu-1598-1613, lapho isimo lalinenkinga zinhlekelele zezombusazwe kanye nezenhlalakahle. Tatar ayehlasela, iMpi Livonian oprichnina Ivan le Kubi kwaholela destabilization futhi saba nesandla ekwandeni kwamandla ukunganeliseki.

Soloviev babekholelwa ukuthi imbangela enkulu yokuqothulwa kwehlathi lase Nezinkinga kwaba Ukungqubuzana druzhina elidala kwaqala nge uhulumeni omusha, njengoba akusho e umzabalazo yamakhosi ngokumelene yezikhulu. N. Kostomarov kubhekwe imbangela Isikhathi Nezinkinga namaqhinga yinkosi basePoland kwegunya lesonto lamaKatolika. B. Klyuchevskii wabona izimpande inkinga izici ukuthuthukisa isimo Russian: ukuthi amandla ophakeme kwakungu anomaly eyinqaba - inkosi yakwa inzuzo ungumbusi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi umnikazi ezweni Russian. Ezinye izazimlando ziye ukubonwa imbangela Nezinkinga ngokwayo wokubusa Ivan le Kubi, umgomo wakhe engenangqondo internal kwaholela ekuhlukaneni emphakathini ku amaqembu impi yomhlaba.

izigaba Nezinkinga

Isigaba sokuqala besihambisana nesiminyaminya nzima isihlalo sobukhosi abazobhapathizwa ezahlukene. Eyokuqala ngemva kokufa Ivana Groznogo esihlalweni sobukhosi lendodana yakhe uTheodore, ongenakuzwelana elawula izwe, futhi empeleni idluliselwe umkamfowabo - Boris Godunov. tsartsvovanie yakhe ephelezelwa uthuthumele ezinzima ukuze lizwe. IBhodi "umkhohlisi" Imbangela ukunganeliseki enobudlova abantu.

Isifo usekela Russia empeleni iqala ukubonakala ePoland Falsdmitry (Grigoriy Otrepev), ngubani yazibeka indodana elisasele Ivana Groznogo. Ingxenye labantu Russian ngokushesha asekelwe ke, ngaleso sikhathi eye ukusekela umbusi no lonke eMoscow. Ngo 1605, waba inkosi efanele uJehowashi, kodwa ukuzimela kwakhe ngokweqile kwabakubi ezindlebeni zikaJehova boyars nokusekela evulekile serfdom kuyo abantukazana. Kwangathi 17, 1606 Dmitry Amanga mina wadutshulwa ngemvula yezinhlamvu wabulawa futhi lulandelwe Vasiliy Shuysky, kuncike komkhawulo ngokokusebenza kwamandla akhe.

Inkathi Nezinkinga kwesibili kwaqala nge kwaba nesiteleka ethandwa Ivan Bolotnikov, okwakubekelwa aqondiswe neziphathimandla. The Battle of eMoscow, Bolotnikov wahlulwa. Kodwa ukunganeliseki ethandwa akayekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhona Amanga Dmitry II. Ekuqaleni 1608 ibutho lakhe bamasha eMoscow. Ngo-July, lapho esezinzile Tushino suburban, ememezela dolobha bakhe beqiniso yeRussia.

Shuya ekuphenduleni ke asenze isivumelwano Sweden kanye Commonwealth, elaqala izenzo ezinodlame kanye bephoqeleka ukuba babalekele kuya Amanga Dmitry II Kaluga. Shuya wagudluzwa esihlalweni sobukhosi tonsured njengoba indela.

ERussia, inkathi Semiboyarshina - interregnum, lapho iziphathimandla waphenduka umkhandlu boyars eziyisikhombisa. Bakha umfelandawonye abahlaseli Polish, futhi 1610 eMoscow bazithoba enkosini Polish. Ekupheleni konyaka wabulawa Amanga Dmitry II, kodwa empini yase-sobukhosi waba uqanduqandu.

Nezinkinga eRussia langena enkathini wasithathu, umhla besihambisana nesiminyaminya ekulweni abahlaseli zangaphandle. umhlaba Russian lwabuthana ekulweni nabasePoland, okuyinto aluthola uhlamvu kazwelonke. Militia Kuzma Minin futhi Dmitry Pozharsky wafika eMoscow ngo-August 1612 futhi wadedelwa wakhe. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi ukudideka eRussia kwekhulu le-17 yaphela.

Zemsky Sobor Februwari 21, 1613 inkosi efanele iye yamisa abasha Mikhail Romanov. Lokhu kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezinkulu, ezifana umkhankaso ngokumelene eMoscow Yabantu Militia, ukubiza we Zemsky Sobor futhi Pozharsky umsebenzi umthetho ukhetho zenkosi.

Isikhathi Nezinkinga nasemiphumeleni yaso

Izwe Nezinkinga isala yengcebo ukucekela, elaba ukwehla ukuhweba kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. Imiphumela Nezinkinga sinqatshiwe Russia kakhulu ekuthuthukeni emuva uma kuqhathaniswa ne amazwe aseYurophu. Ukuze ukubuyisela umnotho, kuthathe amashumi eminyaka.

Isifo usekela Russia isibe isikhathi soshintsho kwesikhathi zwe. It ezikhonjwe amaphutha amabili eziyizici uhulumeni waseRussia. ukuzishaya ukungafani izikhulu (okuyinto wafuna kukhawulwe amandla senkosi) ubunjalo amandla ophakeme, futhi abantu ukubheka wakhe (efuna ukubona amandla ngokuphelele). Futhi lwembula ukusatshalaliswa engalingani emkhatsini amakilasi owanikhipha zonke izithakazelo yangasese isisulu isimo.

Zonke-ke akazange anqikaze ukukhipha isinqumo we dynastic nesamanje umzabalazo setepolitiki amakilasi aphansi ngokumelene ephakeme. Kodwa lokhu akuzange eziholela nokwahlukana umphakathi, kanye ehlasela angaphandle savusa kuwo wonke amazinga umuzwa ubumbano lukazwelonke.