Zemsky Sobor. Umlando yentuthuko

Zemsky Sobor - lokhu kuyinto esigabeni ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni yeRussia. Ama-oda Funky yayikhona ezweni lethu kuze kube phakade, kodwa ziye zaba khona izikhawu lapho bonke ukuzimela ngobunyoninco. Futhi savuka kungenzeka lokuqoqa iningi izigodi Ivan Grozny.

Zemsky Sobor kuhlanganisiwe abameleli amakilasi alandelayo: Boyar Duma enamalungu waba nengxenye Zemsky Sobor ngokugcwele; Holy esiGungwini, kubo babe yizinkulungwane kuphela eliphakeme nayiziphathimandla zesonto; abantu akhethwe servicemen, eMoscow futhi izikhulu ezisemadolobheni, abacibisheli, Gunners futhi Cossacks; amalunga akhethwe kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni (chernososhnye kanye suburban) kanye namakhulu indwangu kanye egumbini lokuphumula. Cathedral of the umhlangano lokuqala lalibizwa ngokuthi "lombhishobhi yokubuyisana. '

Eyokuqala Zemsky Sobor ukuthi ibizwe ukuze umazi kangcono kubahlanganyeli umhlangano izinguquko ezintsha umzimba Ivana Groznogo - iPhalamende akhethwe. Njengoba yaziwa, izinguquko zihlanganisa ukusungulwa ePhalamende Strelets amabutho, ethula Sudebnik entsha nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo mandative kanye nokuqiniswa kuhulumeni.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nemisebenzi lombhalo umzimba omele futhi savela. Ngakho, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, amalungu ebandla banikezwa ilungelo ukuvuma ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi inkosi entsha. Ngaleyo minyaka, kwanqunywa ababusi abasha ukuthola ukuvunyelwa bantu, nokuthi yimaphi sivezwe Zemsky Sobor.

Umlando walesi senzakalo isitho is enezici: kwakuba nezikhathi lapho indima yakhe ebilahlekile ngokuphelele, futhi kwakukhona nabanye base lapho umgubuzelo ngesinqumo sakhe isiphetho isimo. Nezinkinga isikhathi iyisibonelo esivelele enkathini yokugcina.

Okukhulu Zemsky Sobor

Umkhandlu wokuqala wabanjelwa ahlangana Red Square, ngemva kwalokho umhlangano iyiswe ezibiyele Chamber. Kusukela phakathi nawo-16 kuya ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-50 emihlanganweni, lapho kukhona labo zishintshile ngempela emlandweni wezwe lethu.

Cathedral 1589 yagunyaza lophakanyisiwe impikiswano yesihlalo sobukhosi Borisa Godunova. Amahlebezi mayelana nokuhileleka lakhe Uglich idrama, babebaningi, kodwa, Isimanga siwukuthi, sivunyiwe yi kwabaphathi abakhethiwe. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke futhi kusakazeke kangakanani le Zemsky Sobor 1613 ngonyaka, owawusedolobheni kweNyuka Cathedral.

Njengoba yaziwa, lombhishobhi omamukele lohlanga olusha lwamakhosi ohlanga esihlalweni sobukhosi Russian waziletha amandla intokazi Mikhail Romanov. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kokubusa kwakhe njalo inkosi abasha obize mihlangano ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Wayehlezi iminyaka 1632/1634 kwaba obize ukuze kulungiswe udaba empini Poland. Ngalesi sikhathi, setha entsha "impi" intela - Angaba yizingxenye imali. Collection 1648/1649, kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni obize ngemva kokugqashuka ngokuzumayo Salt Riot eMoscow. It kuxoxwa inkinga komthetho yisikhathi.

Yingaleso sikhathi lapho kwenziwa isinqumo ekubekeni ukusebenza Council Ikhodi - isethi entsha kwemithetho Russian. Kugcine Zemsky Sobor ukuthi ibizwe ngo 1653. Kulo mhlangano kwanqunywa ukuthi ujoyine amabutho Cossack kanye Ukraine eRussia.

Inani emlandweni

Zemsky Sobor okuqaliswe kumiswa ohlanga lombhalo-omele eRussia. Kodwa ukukhula ukuthambekela absolutist e mithi okwalandela kakhulu buthaka indima emzimbeni.