I-Tobolsk Kremlin: isikhumbuzo esidala kunazozonke zokwakhiwa kweRussia

Esikhathini sekhulu le-XVII idolobha laseTobolsk lafinyelela intuthuko enkulu, futhi laqala ukubizwa ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha yaseSiberia. Ekuqaleni, idolobha laseKremlin laliyizinkuni. Nokho, wayevame ukuvulelwa emlilweni, ngakho ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa yekhulu le-17 voevoda uPeter Sheremetyev wathola umyalo wenkosi yokwakha iTobolsk Kremlin ngamatshe. Ngakho, ngo-1677 kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kweKremlin entsha neSt. Sophia Cathedral.

Ukwakhiwa

Ithempeli laseSt. Sophia lakhiwa iminyaka eyishumi, kepha iTobolsk Kremlin kwaze kwaphela amashumi ambalwa eminyaka. Ukuphakama kwedonga lokuqinela kwafinyelela amamitha amane nengxenye, ubude babuyizingamamitha angu-620. Lakha izindlu zokuphepha ezingu-9. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zezinqaba kwakhiwe amasonto amaningana namagumbi amahle (uMgcinimafa, uPrikaznaya, njll), Gostiny Dvor. Esiklanyweni salezi zakhiwo, ithonya lezakhiwo zaseYurophu libonakala, okuyisici sokubusa kukaPeter Omkhulu. Umphathi wemiklamo kanye nokwakhiwa kwakuyi-cartographer waseRussia ephawulekayo nomqondisi wezemvelo uSemyon Remezov.

Kwase kwesikhashana ukwakhiwa kweKremlin kwakumiswe okwesikhashana futhi kwaqala kabusha ngo-1746 kuphela. Kwakukhona kulowo nyaka eduze neSonto LaseSt. Sophia ukuthi kwakhiwa iKathhedral Yokuncenga. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 i-Tobolsk Kremlin yalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo okuzivikela futhi yaqala ukuphenduka phakathi nendawo yedolobha. Ngokwemvelo, izindonga zensimbi kwakudingeka ziqedwe. Eduze neKathedral yasePokrovsky, kwakhiwa isonto eliphakeme kunazo zonke eSiberia, umbhishobhi, futhi eduze kweChamber of the Chambers - Igalari likaMbusi - yakha isakhiwo esimnandi ngesitayela seRussia. Kodwa-ke, umzuzwana odume kakhulu emlandweni weKremlin kwakuwukuqedwa kokwakhiwa kwe-Cathedral belltower emine engamamitha angu-75 ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

Indlu Yejele LaseTobolsk Kremlin

Kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka elisha, iTobolsk yayeka ukubhekwa njengenhloko- dolobha yaseSiberia futhi idlulisela lesi sihloko kwelinye idolobha elikhulu laseSiberia - i-Omsk, ngokwayo yaba yindawo yokudlulisela izintambo. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yesifunda saseKremlin kwakhiwa i-Prison Castle, ehlala iziboshwa ezingaba yisigamu nesigamu. Yiziphi izinhlobo zezivakashi ezidumile azange zamukele le nqaba "ezindongeni" zabo zokungenisa izihambi: uChernyshevsky, Dostoevsky, Korolenko, Petrashevsky, njll. Ngendlela, ezikhathini zaseSoviet, ikakhulukazi iStalin, le ndoda yayibuye ibe indawo

I-Tobolsk Kremlin nekhulu lama-20

Ukusungulwa kwamandla aseSoviet kwaletha usizi olukhulu kwabakhileyo eTobolsk. Wonke amathempeli namasonto ahlala eTobolsk Kremlin abhujiswe futhi aphangwa. Kodwa ekwakhiweni kwendlu ka-archbishop kusukela ngo-1925 umyuziyamu omkhulu kunawo wonke wezakhiwo zasekhaya eSiberia waqala ukusebenza. Kusukela ngo-1961, amasonto nezinye izakhiwo ezisendaweni yesakhiwo ziye zahanjiswa emnyuziyamu, kanti iTobolsk Kremlin (isithombe esesobunxele) saziwa ngokuthi i-State Historical and Architectural Reserve. Izikhumbuzo eziningi ezakhiwe ezakhiweni zavuselelwa futhi zabuyiselwa. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, cishe wonke amasonto eTobolsk aqala ukuqhuba izinkonzo zesonto. Njalo izinkulungwane zezivakashi zivakashela iTobolsk Kremlin. Ikheli layo lifana nekheli leMoscow Kremlin - Red Square, 1, kuphela idolobha laseTobolsk.