Tomb of Kant e Kaliningrad (isithombe)

Ngokufunda umlando wefilosofi, sifunda iqiniso elithakazelisayo: kuvela, U-Immanuel Kant wazalelwa futhi wafa eKönigsberg. Kodwa lo muzi, ngaphambili kwakungekaNkulunkulu yaseMpumalanga Prussia, manje etholakala ngaphakathi Russian Federation futhi ngokuthi Kaliningrad. Ngakho, ithuna Kant sika, umsunguli nefilosofi German classical, itholakala phakathi kwemingcele ezungeze imibuso yezwe lethu. Ningoni ukusizakala ngaleli qiniso hhayi ukuvakashela Kaliningrad. Kodwa kanjani ukuthola iminonjana sefilosofi esele ku-dolobha namuhla? Lokhu kuzosiza i-athikili yethu. Futhi idolobha ngokwalo eziqhingini eziningi kuwufanele ngokuvakashela. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene wayegqoke amagama Krulevets eKönigsberg, Kaliningrad. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi yayiyindlela edolobheni ekhaya nendawo endaweni yokuphumula Kant sika.

Biography wesazi sefilosofi omkhulu,

U-Immanuel Kant wazalelwa amabili yesibili ngo-Ephreli 1724 emndenini ingcweti sasivumela abacebile owenza Saddles. Imiholo yabantu Ngokulinganiswa okusezingeni eliphezulu uyise wavumela umfana ukuzofunda ehlonishwayo lolimi esikoleni "Friedrichs-Collegium", bese ufaka i-University of eKönigsberg. Kodwa uyise wafa, U-Immanuel Kant uphoqelekile ukuba baphume. Ukuze ngondle umkhaya wakhe, waqala ukufundisa. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho kuqala luhamba ngaphandle lomuzi lwakubo. Kant wakhonza njengephayona komfundisi. Phakathi nale nkathi, usosayensi othile osemusha uye wazakhela hypothesis ngemvelaphi komthala wethu, okuyinto akalilahlile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo kuze kube sesikhathini sethu. I kwale ncwadi kwenza ukuba ivikele mqondo Kant. Zobudokotela kwayinika abe Uprofesa. Kusukela 1770 kuya 1797 wafundisa usosayensi ngokomzimba, izifundo ngezibalo nefilosofi eyunivesithi edolobheni lakubo. Kuthiwa zonke lezi iminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye Kant lidlule ekhaya ukusebenza nge umzila efanayo. Washona isazi ohlonishwayo ka nambili Februwari 1804. Tomb Kant kwakuyilungelo sokugcina Crypt professorial ka Cathedral Cathedral of Koenigsberg.

Umnikelo nefilosofi emhlabeni

Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka zeminyaka yokuphila, usosayensi kwakungekaNkulunkulu ukuKhanyiselwa. Nokho, Kant, kwaba bangaleso sikhathi. Lapho kufika Omkhulu French Revolution (1789), injabulo ushintsho ifinyelele idolobha elincane yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Zonke watshala "imithi wenkululeko". Nokho, Kant, waqhubeka elukhuni. "I wamavukelambuso omkhulu - yimi", - ngokusho legend, wake wathi yena. Futhi wayeqinisile. Imisebenzi yakhe "Critique Okucabanga Oluhlanzekile '(ku epistemology)," Critique we nokucabanga ngokufanele "(ngezimiso zokuhle) kanye" Critique Lokwahlulela "(aesthetics) - yashintsha nefilosofi European. Singasho ukuthi ngaphandle izimfundiso Kant wayengeke khona okwatholakala Hegel, Marx nezinye ongqondongqondo abaningi German. Lokhu Indoda yaletha ifilosofi kwengqondo kuya ezingeni entsha. Ngakho-ke, ethuneni U-Immanuel Kant e Kaliningrad uhlala endaweni pilgrimage.

emngcwabeni

Ukufa wesazi sefilosofi lokhu ezidlula ingivusele emhlabeni yesayensi lonke, kodwa futhi emzini wakubo njengoba Kant wazazi eKönigsberg abasha nabadala ngokufanayo. ukugcina isikhathi waso kwakuyindishi edume. Ngokusho uprofesa, washiya sithi ukulula izinyawo, abantu bakuleli dolobha ukuvumelanisa iwashi. Ngakho-ke, ukufinyelela isidumbu ngivalelise yayithatha izinsuku eziyishumi nesithupha. Lomngcwabo emngcwabeni eyenziwa amabili nane abanamakhono kakhulu umfundi wasenyuvesi. Zazilandelwa zikhulu ikampu eKönigsberg, futhi ngemva kwaso - isixuku esikhulu ka bendawo. Ekuqaleni, ithuna Kant sika ethuneni uprofesa omdala, eyakhelene ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwe-Cathedral. Lesi sakhiwo ngokubabazekayo, eyenziwe isitayela Baltic Gothic, ekuqaleni kwakungenxa esontweni lamaKatolika, futhi kamuva waba ngumLuthela. Ngesikhathi ithuna kwaba othi: "U-Immanuel Kant. omunye zefilosofi amakhulu kunawo wonke ezweni amanga lapha. "

ithuna Modern Kant e-Kaliningrad

Tomb isithombe ayihambisani indaba yethu odlule. Iqiniso liwukuthi e 1809, i-professorial yesonto agugile ladilizwa. Esikhundleni salo elingaphandle odongeni enyakatho lombhishobhi kwavula igalari. Sibhalwe igama wesazi sefilosofi omkhulu - "Standing cantiano". Lesi sakhiwo wema kuze 1880. Ngu weminyaka engu Bicentennial wesazi sefilosofi (1924) ithuna Kant buye baba yisikhumbuzo. okusalungiswa wayo yasungulwa ngu wezakhiwo Fridrih Lars, osizayo abakhulu - Hugo Stinnes. YeSikhumbuzo iyisikhathi ihholo okukhululekile amakholomu azungeze cenotaph - ebhokisini lokungcwaba itshe. Lena sarcophagus ongokomfanekiso amanga izinsalela sefilosofi alikho, futhi ngaphansi slabs wethempeli. isitayela Memorial wehlukile zonke umhlobiso Cathedral.

Imicimbi Second neMpi Yezwe

EKönigsberg amaNazi ephumelele nge nobunzima. Ukuze umuzi wezimpi abanolaka and igazi. Ngo-August 1944, i-British ironed ngamabhomu eKönigsberg emoyeni. Khona-ke, ngo-April 1945, yaqala a okuhlaselayo omkhulu Soviet. Ngenxa yalokho lezi izimpi ezitaladini lalifana kwenyanga landscape. Kube awusekho lombhishobhi nesikhumbuzo ihholo columned. Kodwa ethuneni Kant sika (izithombe zalezo iminyaka kulo mdlalo) ezigcinwe isimo ucishe egculisayo. Futhi izakhamuzi zabheka lokhu njengesenzo uphawu - eKönigsberg kakhulu lenyukile kusukela emlotheni.

into State evikelwe

Ngakho, edolobheni yaphenduka Kaliningrad futhi aba yingxenye yeSoviet Union. Nokho, lesithupha uhulumeni 'ubunjalo bezwe! "Kuphela ngo-1960, uyakhumbula ukuthi wangaphambili eKönigsberg ungcwatshwe U-Immanuel Kant. Yithuna sefilosofi (itshe lethuna kanye kuvulandi) inombolo Isinqumo 1327 we RSFSR Council of Ministers, iye kwathiwa 'indawo lenani yamasiko ezingeni yase-Kaliningrad esifundeni. " Lawa magama Clumsy kusho ukuthi kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukubuyiselwa lesikhumbuzo uzobe ngezimali eyabelwe zona. Ngigcine ethuneni lalungiswa ngo-1996. Kusengenzeka eseduze ekhoneni mpumalanga lombhishobhi kusukela ngaphandle esandleni sakhe. Ukuhlanganisa izinsika zalo ziye abuyiselwe.

Kant imigwaqo

Yiqiniso, kuwukuthatheka ukulindela ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka ngezimpi bayilinde indlu lapho wazalwa futhi wahlala umsunguli nefilosofi German classical. Kodwa lapho kwakunesidingo lesi sakhiwo waziwa. Uma sihlola Kaliningrad ngifuna Kant, kubalulekile ukuqala naye. Lena yinombolo indlu 40-A ku Leninsky Prospekt. Kukhona qwembe lwesikhumbuzo. Abobulili endlini bomdabu wesazi sefilosofi e 1864 kwaba lesikhumbuzo zethusi Kant. It waphonswa Berlin. Ngo-1885, lesikhumbuzo washukumiseleka ukuba Paradenplats. Ngemva kwempi, ibilahlekile. Kodwa ngo-1992 kodwa yabuye yakhiwa kabusha ngokuvumelana izithombe zakudala. Manje isikhumbuzo sefilosofi umi kwepaki ku University Street. Kambe ingaphi ethuneni Kant? Lapho naphakade. Kuyinto eseduze ohlangothini elingaphandle Cathedral. Ithempeli esemqoka yedolobha elitholakala esiqhingini Kneiphof.

uphawu komuzi

Kaliningrad, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo iziphathimandla ukuba depersonalize futhi anikeze umbono "namafosholo" grey, wakwazi ukugcina charm European. Island, amabhuloho obucayi, lamaGoth ake uzizwa ukhululekile lapha. I ovelele kakhulu kulesi sici Kneiphof. Uma lihunyushwa, lisho ukuthi "zokudlela egcekeni". Lo muzi owawuke waba ocebile wahlala lapha. Njengoba nje umuntu uthole imali, wayengumuntu waphupha azinze ku Kneiphof. Esitezi wokuqala endlini enhle babenegunya elikhulu amathilomu nezindawo zokudlela. Charm esiqhingini ugcizelela Cathedral, okuyinto adjoined ngu ethuneni Kant sika. Ngo Kaliningrad, isithombe esiku yesikhumbuzo livame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela "ikhadi ngokuthi" enye ingxenye yomuzi.