Josef Kramer - "isilo belzensky." Biography, emakamu okusetshenzwa kanzima kuwo nezithombe

Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila ukuthi, kabani izandla ziye zabulala izinkulungwane iyiphi abantu abangenacala ngaphambi nangesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Lena Josef Kramer, le Usigaxamabhande kwekamu lokuhlushwa eBergen-Belsen, lapho iziboshwa ubumunyu bayo of ngokuthi "isilo belzensky." Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngokwakhe zinecala ngokufa inqwaba, mhlawumbe ngisho namakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu.

Biography Cramer

UJosefa wazalelwa ngoNovemba 10, 1906 eduze Munich, eBavaria, Weimar Republic. Kakade ngo-1931, lapho umfana oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala, Kramer engena NSDAP (amaNazi Party). Purebred isiJalimane, ngo-1932 engena ngisho phakathi kwababusi SS, bese usebenza ku unogada ejele, bese, lapho seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, baba lo mqaphi nomyali okuhlushwa ahlukahlukene.

Kubalulekile wazi iqiniso lokuthi umfana wakhulela ku izimiso ubuzwe, Ngakho-ke, isimiso, ngamanye amazwi kwakungase kungabi ngokuya ubuhlobo bayo kubantu. Futhi ngisho ngaphandle imfundo ekhethekile, uJosef Kramer ngakhonza kaHitler Secret Service. Iminyaka 11 uye wenza umsebenzi abakhaliphile esikhundleni inqwaba okuhlushwa:

• 1934 - eDachau;
• 1934-1936 - Esterwegen;
• 1936-1937 - eDachau;
• 1937-1939 - laseMauthausen;
• 1940 - Auschwitz;
• 1940-1944 - Natzweiler-Struthof;
• 1944 - Auschwitz;
• 1944-1945 - eBergen-Belsen.

It Kwakuthi lapho sezingenile ekamu lokuhlushwa eBergen-Belsen, eyayiseSwitzerland banamuhla Saxony, Kramer kanye kweshumi eziningana "nozakwethu" yakhe asebophe 21-Army Iqembu zamabutho azihlanganisa eBrithani Canada. "Belzenskomu isilo" uthweswe amacala nempi, okuyiwona enkantolo yezempi British wamgwebela ukufa. Inqubo owabanjwa mhlaka 17 Novemba 1945 Kramer walengiswa phakathi kukaDisemba 1945 ejele Hamelin.

Josef Kramer: ukuvelela "umsebenzi" isitebhisi

Kramer Impumelelo enkulu kwafezwa obhekwe neMpi Yezwe II. Kwakuyisikhathi onesihluku, kunqunywa, umbonisi ohlakaniphile ngesihluku ngubani engawayekanga ubani. Hitler nebutho lakhe elikhulu kudingeka izisebenzi nje enjalo. Yena uqobo wakhuthaza izenzo Kramer futhi wayezama okusemandleni akhe ukuba ukubonga umbonisi osemusha zenkonzo yokwethembeka. Lokhu kuye kwenzeka kaningi isimanga, ngoba cishe nsuku zonke ukuze Hitler labika umsebenzi "anolaka" ka Cramer. Joseph Okwamanje wayengesabi ukubala amabutho, awuzange esabe ukubulala indoda ngephutha ukuphuca amaJuda ukuphila kuye kwaba okufanayo njengoba ukuthi ngezimpama impukane.

Ngo ngayinye okuhlushwa eziyisithupha, lapho ngaya kuwo, Josef Kramer zashiya izibazi. Kungenxa unya lwakhe futhi wayevuka ukwanda ngezindawo. Okokuqala eSachsenhausen futhi laseMauthausen, futhi kamuva e-Auschwitz.

Auschwitz ukudluliswa okulandelayo eBergen-Belsen

Ngo-1940, Kramer bayiswa ekamu ekamu lokuhlushwa nokufa-Auschwitz-Birkenau. Cishe esikhathini esingangonyaka wasebenza khona ngaphansi umbonisi Rudolfa Gessa - the Usigaxamabhande wendawo. Ngokushesha uJosefa ngokwakhe wathatha esifanayo Notsveyler-Shtrutgof. Lokhu kwanda kuye kwenza kwaba okunesihluku nakakhulu, iyafana nayezizwa namandla. Nakuba izandla zakhe zabulawa abantu okungenani abangu-80. Futhi hhayi nje abulawe, nonya. Mhlawumbe, lesi sibalo okuningi kunalokho. Josef Kramer ( "isilo belzensky") e umuntu ophethe yonke esinobuthi sokufa nokuhlukunyezwa amakamelo. Ukuze usulu abantu kwaba yokuchitha isizungu esithandayo.

Ngemva ukudluliswa eBergen-Belsen Kramer wayala hhayi kuphela iziboshwa kodwa futhi onogada. On the ezigcinwe emilandwini izithombe ngokuvamile ungabona Joseph eduze abasha blonde girl. Lokhu Irma Greze, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa yesevisi ekamu lokuhlushwa engu-20 kuphela ubudala. Yena udumo amanoveli eziningi nge emakamu unogada okuhlushwa, kuhlanganise ukuba yena Kramer. Kunzima iziqhathanise, kodwa intombazane cishe kwakungekho ngaphansi ngesihluku kuka "isilo belzensky." Mhlawumbe yingakho bemangala bavumelana? iziboshwa Abesifazane embize "angel of death", yena wayechitha amahora amantombazane mbumbulu, ekuthwaleni kwabo emzimbeni.

izici siqu

Kramer Yozef (Usigaxamabhande wekamu lokuhlushwa) kuyinto benamandla kangaka wokuphika kobuzwe futhi inzondo bezinye izizwe ukuthi wayengumuntu ngempela lula ukusebenza iziboshwa. Kwaba isiqhwaga ngendlela enesihluku futhi nonya buthule, ngaphandle batting i ijwabu leso, kungaba kuncisha kwengane, owesifazane okhulelwe noma Isalukazi, ingasaphathwa amadoda. Yayinendodakazi umcabango Amazing futhi kalula usungula wake izindlela ezingcono zokuhlukunyezwa. Wayesezothi cool kangaka nokuba nesibindi sabangela isitha, ukuthi ukuthula wabingelela amabutho ahlangene phakathi kwezintaba wezidumbu iziboshwa.

Ababoshwe Kramer nezinye abaqondisi

Ngo-1945, uxhumano Anglo-Canadian ifinyelela ekamu lokuhlushwa eBergen-Belsen. Njengoba iye wawulotshwe ngenhla uthi, Josef Kramer (ngezansi) sihlangabezana "izivakashi", kuyilapho abanye zihlakazeke. Khona-ke Kuboshwe 44 wejele. Ngo-November, phezu kwabo okukhishwa ubulungiswa, futhi ngo-December 13, eziningi iziboshwa babebethelelwe eminqamlezweni kumaseli ejele Hamelin. Kepha kwakukhona abanye abaphathi abathola kuphela eminyakeni emibili ejele, wakhonza isikhathi, bese umphefumulo ethule baphuma baya endle.

Josef Kramer: ibhulogi

Abantu abaningi bazama ukuthola amarekhodi womuntu "belzenskogo isilo." Nokho, ukuba khona idayari akukho lwazi. Ngokuvamile, amarekhodi babe izikhulu eziningi, izinduna kanye nezinye "abasebenzi" kakhulu zasemakamu okuhlushwa, ezifana namesake Kramer - Josef Mengele. Wayengumuntu udokotela lase-Auschwitz, wayedume ngokuba ucwaningo olwenziwe iziboshwa. Kodwa Kramer, ngokusobala, wayengafuni ukushiya ubufakazi obubhalwe izenzo zabo okunonya.