Ubaba yomlando, uHerodotus. Ukubaluleka "Umlando" yakhe kubantu besikhathi sakhe izazi kamuva

Mayelana kwalokho, ubani obizwa ngokuthi uyise womlando, kuningi ezinganekwaneni namahemuhemu. Kuthiwa ngu ukushicilela umsebenzi wakhe, + lifinyelele ukuqashelwa yomlando njengoba isayensi Okuyınqo, ubhala ukuthi yayingavamile ngakho ukuba ososayensi ukuthi cishe akazange ashiye abafundi ikhomba izikhathi impikiswano emisebenzini yakhe bese uyifunda ngesikhathi mpikiswano yesayensi . memory okunjalo eside angazuza eliyingqayizivele ngempela ngezinhlobo zawo, ososayensi, kokushiya ucwaningo eziphawuleka kakhulu emkhakheni wabo. Futhi esinye salezi ososayensi kwaba uHerodotus omkhulu, owayehlala in Ancient Greece ekhulwini 5th BC, okuyinto kufanele wathola isidlaliso uyise womlando.

UHerodotus nefilosofi

igama uHerodotus sasihlangene exhumene ne umlando isayensi zasendulo nezanamuhla. Umthamo igalelo lakhe kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa izazi-mlando zanamuhla, ngoba ngathi irekhodi kanye nokuhlaziywa izenzakalo zomlando - kuyinto okunengqondo futhi zemvelo. Kuhlukile umhlaba amaGreki asendulo.

Phakathi zefilosofi ubuswa umqondo wokuthi aziwayo kungaba njalo. Baye igxile ekutadisheni zemvelo, ukukuziba lokho ezingokoqobo kwezenhlalo kanye zomlando. Kukholakala ukuthi ekutadisheni esidlule isintu - umsebenzi ithemba, njengoba isikhathi idlule kanye, Ngakho-ke, umlando ayikho indlela yokumazi.

UHerodotus "Umlando" yakhe

Satirist Lucian uchaza lokho okulandiswa uHerodotus izuzwe udumo izinsuku ezine kuphela. Kwaphela isikhathi eside wasebenza ngamandla akhe, echaza esidlule we ecumene. Ubaba wahlala emlandweni we Halicarnassus solar, lapho isikhathi eside wasebenza phezu Ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa amaqiniso angokomlando iyindlala, ukuthi esakwazi ukuyisho. Ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi wakhe, waya Olympia, lapho ngesikhathi Olympic Imidlalo yayiqhutshelwa khona. Kube uHerodotus wakhuluma izilaleli Ngaphandle kwethempeli likaZeus futhi wawunika ekufundeleni umsebenzi wakhe. Izethameli bashaqeka ngakho nokwazi futhi ezichaza esidlule sakhe, okuyinto ngokushesha eyabelwe amavolumu ayisishiyagalolunye okwakunzima "umlando" uHerodotus, amagama Muses ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngu ekupheleni umncintiswano izethameli nesithakazelo kungasiko ukusebenza kanye nezemidlalo impumelelo Amaqhawe ozithandayo, Amakhasi eziningi ezintsha uHerodotus indalo.

UHerodotus endulo

Lucian kwakungelona owayephila ngesikhathi uHerodotus, amanothi akhe akubhala kamuva, engamakhulu ayisithupha ngemva kokufa lesiGreki enkulu. Ngakho-ke, abaningi imininingwane indaba yakhe kubangele ingihlupha. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uyise womlando ababekwazi ukufunda esidlangalaleni "Umlando" umphakathi kule okufushane umnyuziki. Wonke umsebenzi wakhe lungaphezu "Iliad" futhi "Odyssey" kuhlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izazi zigomela ngokuthi lo msebenzi omkhulukazi wahlala sidle. "Umlando" ka uHerodotus incazelo iphela scene ngokubulawa yasePheresiya. Ezinye izahluko ezisekhona kuphela ngesimo link futhi izigaba eziphawulwe.

Umfundi uHerodotus kaThucydides ngokomthetho kubhekwe, kodwa izimiso zezincazelo yakhe, ikakhulu "ZabaseCarthage neMpi Stories", kuhluke ngokuphelele noma yini ebhalwe uHerodotus. "Umlando we ZabaseCarthage Izimpi" lakhe elilotshiwe ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele hhayi Ngokuqhubeka, kodwa kunalokho ekuphikiseni iziphakamiso somanduleli wakhe.

Kuvele isiqinisekiso ongaqondile bebaningi abantu uHerodotus kungenzeka kokulingisa izindaba lakhe comedies of Aristophanes. Ngiyavuma, kunzima ukwenza ukubayisigebengu esekelwe amabhuku usithe noma engathandwa. Bust wabacwaningi kuqala namakhulu eminyaka edlule kwaba umtapo odumile ePergamon. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, u-Aristotle watusa umsebenzi we uHerodotus, echaza yona njengesibonelo ka-mlando okuyisibonelo.

Ubaba yomlando noma geography kukayise na? '

Igama uyise womlando kalula kulekelelwa ngamagama ahlukahlukene. Labo yena nabantu besikhathi sakhe, futhi abacwaningi esizayo. Nge amalungelo alinganayo ufanelwe isihloko "uyise womlando", "ukuma Ubaba", "uyise ethnography." Ngamunye inoveli yakhe yomlando zandulelwa Esanduleleni esifushane, echaza indawo, igama, kanye namasiko abantu, okuzoxoxwa. Ngokwesibonelo, echaza ijima uXerxes at Sparta, uHerodotus akabakhohlwa ingasaphathwa ababazi ezikhiqiza Kallateb yezokwelapha phezu kwentaba, noma ukukhuluma ngezilwane zasendle ukuthi esasiphila ngaleso sikhathi, emahlathini French. A ezihlukahlukene ulwazi - kweqiniso futhi yasungulwa, siwachaza ngokunakekela okufanayo sengathi ukunikela inzalo yabo siqu ukuqonda butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela iqiniso nasezindabeni eziqanjiwe.

inkazimulo echo

Kodwa izikole zomlando ahlukahlukene uyavumelana entweni eyodwa - ukuthi uHerodotus waba umuntu wokuqala ngqá owanika umlando isimo isayensi, ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu umsebenzi lakhe lesiRoma, elithi ephakathi kamuva kwaholela esikoleni ukuchaza isiko yesimanjemanje lalo. Ukutholakala imisebenzi yakhe e-Renaissance wanikeza sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ukuqonda isiko lasendulo. Imisebenzi komlando uHerodotus Russian esikoleni ayazise Karamzin, ngubani izuzwe ukukhuthazwa zabalobi bezincwadi zakudala phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe.