Umphakathi wangaphambi zezimboni

Namuhla, esigabeni zomlando oluvamile olusetshenziswa uhlobo oluthile indlela yokuphila nesimiso sezomnotho. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyisigaba umlando izenzakalo ngendlela neketanga. Izixhumanisi: bendabuko (pre-ezimbonini) umphakathi, umphakathi zezimboni kanye postindustrial.

Igama elithi yokugcina uchaza isakhiwo, indima esemqoka zokukhiqiza nokwabelana ngolwazi oluphethwe amakhompyutha kanye nezokuxhumana. Industrial umphakathi ngokuyinhloko kusetshenzwe. Kulesi simiso, ukwenziwa izimpahla wasebenzisa injini ubuchwepheshe kanye namandla. Imisebenzi umphakathi wangaphambi zezimboni kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ngempango. Uhlelo lomnotho kuleli cala kusekelwe ezolimo, ngokudoba, ukuzingela namahlathi. umphakathi Oku-zezimboni nawo uhilelekile ukukhiqizwa igesi, uwoyela, amalahle kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, e bendabuko izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho isakhiwo kumele labizwa ngokuthi iliphi iqembu zomphakathi ezivela ngesikhathi abazingeli bakudala kuya izinguquko kwezezimboni ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.

umphakathi Oku-ezimbonini (kwezomnotho) kungase kusekelwe ezolimo (kokubili ubudala Russian, noma lasendulo Chinese waseGibhithe Inkampani lasendulo). Lesi sakhiwo yezenhlalo nezomnotho kanye kungase kusekelwe izinkomo (kokubili ayimizulane futhi Khazarian Abantu Turkish). umphakathi Oku-zezimboni kungaba nokudoba. Lena ejwayelekile ezindaweni ezisogwini kuyinto zinothile izinhlanzi.

Omunye izici zomphakathi wendabuko kwekubuswa ukusatshalaliswa esekelwe isikhundla emphakathini (ubudlelwane redistributive). Lokhu kungabonakala ezihlukahlukene: isimo eyodwa (njenge eGibhithe lasendulo, China, eMesophothamiya), umphakathi ongumlimi (njengoba eRussia).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubudlelwane redistributive akuzona uphawu kuphela ephawula impilo pre-ezimbonini (esivamile) umphakathi. Yiqiniso, ubuhlobo obunjalo ubuswa Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona emakethe. Kwezinye izimo, ubudlelwane emakethe kungathatha isikhundla okuholela ngisho, kokuba elikhulu ekuphileni kwabantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhweba kuyehla kube ububanzi ewumngcingo kwezimpahla, njengoba umthetho, ukuze izinto okunethezeka ahlukile. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kulendawo, bathole wonke ezidingekayo ku izigodi zabo, wathenga amahhashi thoroughbred, izikhali ezibizayo, ubucwebe.

Uhlangothi nezenhlalakahle umphakathi wendabuko Ubuye imininingwane yayo siqu. Isici ezimangalisayo kakhulu njalo kwesimiso esinjalo kuphela ukuthi wayenobuhlobo obuseduze lokwabiwa kabusha ngamunye. Lokhu kubonakala izesekeli zonke umuntu kunoma yiliphi iqembu ophethe ukusatshalaliswa, kanye kuncike "Abadala" (e isikhundla, imvelaphi, ubudala).

Inguquko komunye ngokuhlanganyela komphakathi kwenye kunzima kakhulu. Njengoba sihambisana nale ke kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi nje kuphela isikhundla kwalo lonke ikilasi emphakathini, kodwa futhi ekutheni umuntu ungowayiphi eyodwa noma elinye iqembu. Njengoba isibonelo, ukusebenzisa isimo lombhalo ngokwahlukana uhlelo.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-India, lombhalo ibizwa ngokuthi iqembu avaliwe iyiphi indlela nabantu abahileleke ezithile ngokuqinile agodliwe indawo yakhe umphakathi.

Ukuphila isakhiwo ekilasini kunalokho wawubekela imithetho eqinile. Lolu hlelo sesigaba emphakathini babevamile zangaphambi wamavukelambuso Russia.

Omunye umbandela ezibalulekile zokwehlukanisa kubhekwa umphakathi. Lapha kuba incazelo esetshenziswa ngomqondo ebanzi. Ngu umphakathi ehloselwe hhayi kuphela inhlangano nabalimi abancane, kodwa futhi umfelandawonye yomthengisi East, European abathengisi inhlangano, izikebhe esitolo, nowokuhawukelwa thieving corporations, nokunye.

isimiso sezombangazwe emphakathini wendabuko, njengoba umthetho, kwaba monarchical. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo namandla Ephakathi lase lithengwe yezikhulu.