Isifundazwe orel: umlando esifundazweni orel

Ngenxa indawo yayo, kanye nakumasiko kwezindaba zesifunda Oryol lalibhekwa hhayi kuphela isikhungo, kodwa futhi enkabeni yeRussia. Ukudala idolobha lakhona eyinhloko Eagle ihlobenenamanye wokubusa Ivana Groznogo, kanye kumiswa emhlabeni sifundazwe okwenzeka phakathi nokubusa uCatherine Omkhulu.

Yayiyini isifundazwe futhi edolobheni zako ezisemqoka, ungabona kusukela sihloko.

Indawo

isifundazwe orel kwaba ingxenye yoMbuso Russian futhi kamuva eRussia Soviet. It likhona kusukela 1796 kuya ku-1928. Akhiwe engxenyeni European yezwe, ke ezazigudle izifundazwe ezilandelayo:

• Kaluga, Tula, eKursk (enyakatho).
• EKursk (South).
• Voronezh (empumalanga).
• Smolenskaya, Chervigiv (entshonalanga).

Le ndawo kwaba ngaphezu engamashumi amane nesithupha amakhilomitha square, kanye labantu safinyelela kwezigidi ezimbili. Idolobha elikhulu kwaba Eagle.

Umlando womhlaba

isifundazwe orel yadalwa ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, kodwa ngisho nangaphambi la mazwe lwamaSlav wahlala. Izakhamuzi zasendulo kubhekwe vyatichi. Ekhulwini leshumi nanye, kwaba wadala emzini wokuqala ukuze awuvikele nezizwe ezinobutha Polovtsy futhi Pechenegs.

Kuze ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, babona ukuthi le ndawo kuncike ukuhlasela eminingi nokubhujiswa ngenxa ekubeni amaMongol ahlasele, futhi kamuva ekubuseni Lithuania nePoland. Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu kule nkathi kwaba Bryansk ubukhulu, esisogwini amazwe isifundazwe esikhathini esizayo.

Umlando esifundazweni Oryol elihlobene ne ukuvela emzini orel. Unyaka lapho ivela khona ubhekwa 1566-th. Orlowski kwakhiwa County Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ngu ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, isifundazwe Oryol kwaba ingxenye yesifundazwe Kiev, futhi kamuva ingeyamakhosi Sifundazwe, kuze ekugcineni abe iziqephu zezombusazwe ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso.

Umlando isifundazwe

Ngo 1778, uMbusikazi uCatherine II yakhipha umyalo wokuba, lapho kwamiswa isifunda orel. Ekuqaleni, lahlukaniswa laba nantathu izifunda, nakuba phakathi nawo wonke umlando, inombolo yabo ishintshile. isikhungo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, inkolo namasiko okwakuseduze layo umuzi Eagle.

Ngemva 1917, isiFundazwe singenele eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi nanye kuze uyekwa. Ngu 1937 idaliwe orel esifundeni, eyayihlanganisa ingxenye yesifundazwe wangaphambili. Idolobha eliyinhloko esifundeni kwakhiwa futhi baba Eagle.

idolobha Eagle

isifundazwe orel, izithombe okuyinto ethulwa njengoba amabalazwe zomlando, ubulokhu uhlotshaniswa enedolobha APC. Thina wawusekela ngo-1566 (ngokuvumelana Ukukhuluma e le Nikon Chronicle). Ngalesi sikhathi, ngomthetho u-Ivan IV the Kubi Eagle eyasungulwa inqaba ukuvikela umngcele oseningizimu wombuso.

Kusukela 1577 ke kwaku Cossack Sloboda. Sasihlala edolobheni wakhe Cossacks. Lesi sivumelwano kwadingeka esontweni sokhuni, elibizwa ngokuthi umkhulumeli.

Ngo 1605 edolobheni wathatha Lzhedmitry kuqala impi. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili kwaba yokuhlala Amanga Dmitry II. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa edolobheni libhujisiwe ngokuphelele nabasePoland eliholwa A. Lisowski. Buyisela ke kuphela 1636, ngoba kwakubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuvikela emazweni Russian kusukela Tatar kuphangwa.

Kancane kancane, umngcele umbuso sahamba kude ngaseningizimu. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwawo-nesishiyagalombili castle leminyaka in orel uyekwa, ngalahlekelwa okukushoyo ukuzivikela. Omuzi aqala ngokukhethekile ukuhweba okusanhlamvu, futhi yaba isikhungo esifundazweni Oryol wadala, okuyinto kamuva ashintshwa aba esifundazweni, futhi ezikhathini zanamuhla wukuthi indawo Russian Federation.

Thuthukisa umuzi waphenduka e yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Phakathi nale nkathi, lenziwe kwendawo egandaywe ngamatshe, ukudala i ezisemadolobheni Ukuvikelwa professional umlilo, efakwe yocingo umyalezo, ithuthukiswe yasebhange, kwakunamanzi amaningi. ujantshi lokugxusha futhi umgwaqo ukumboza Eagle yayo nge amazwe Ukraine, iVolga esifundeni, emazweni aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Yiqiniso, eMoscow. Lokhu kwakumenza akwazi ukuthutha abe zokuthutha thutha.

abantu eqaphelekayo isifundazwe

Incazelo sifundazwe Oryol ngeke ibe ephelele ngaphandle kukhulunywa nabantu abavelele yesifunda. On izwe it has izigodi eziningi encwadini edumile imikhaya Russian zasebukhosini. Orlovschine elihlobene ne amagama abalobi ezifana Turgenev I. S., Fet A. A., Prishvin M., Pisarev D. I.

Iphathelene ukubukeka inqwaba abalobi, izazi zefilosofi, izazi-mlando ku-kula mazwe nemvelo yayo enhle, nowokuzalwa Folk isiko nezihlakaniphile ongumlimi isiko.