Isakhiwo uqweqwe eMhlabeni

Ngokusho imiqondo yesimanje, iplanethi yethu nokwakheka siqukethe izingqimba eziningana - Geospheres. Ahluke izakhiwo zabo ezingokwenyama, amakhemikhali ukwakheka kanye nesimo wokuhlanganisa. Ngo maphakathi Earth nengaphakathi kulandele isiphuku ke - umhlaba sika uqweqwe, hydrosphere kanye nomkhathi.

Kulesi sihloko sizohlola isakhiwo uqweqwe eMhlabeni, okuyinto ingxenye engenhla lithosphere. Limelela yangaphandle igobolondo eliqinile zomhlaba, amandla okuyinto ongaphakeme ngakho (1.5%) ukuthi ingafaniswa ifilimu elincanyana embulungeni yonke. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, kuba ungqimba phezulu ungqimba lomhlaba is Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kwesintu njengesitha umthombo amaminerali.

Amagxolo ingumhlabathi evamile ihlukaniswe izingqimba ezintathu, ngamunye okuyinto ngendlela yalo emangalisayo.

1. Top ungqimba - inzika. It ifinyelela ukushuba km kusuka 0 kuya ku-20. rocks sedimentary akhiwa ngenxa sebethule izinto ezweni, noma sedimentation zabo ku phansi hydrosphere. Bayingxenye ungqimba lomhlaba, elele izingqimba wakhe ngokulandelana.
2. ungqimba Ephakathi - egwadle. Uhlonze lwalo ziyahlukahluka kusuka km 10 kuya 40. Leli igneous rock ungqimba onzima by magma wentaba-mlilo nokubalela solidification okwalandela emhlabeni mkhulu ngomfutho ophakeme kanye lokushisa.
3. Isendlalelo phansi, ingxenye isakhiwo koqweqwe - basalt, futhi, has a umsuka magmatic. Inikeza isamba enkulu calcium, nensimbi kanye magnesium, futhi isisindo salo sikhulu obukhulu kunobukaJohane edwaleni egwadle.

Isakhiwo uqweqwe eMhlabeni akuyona ngokufanayo kuyo yonke indawo. Ikakhulukazi umehluko yesiteleka kukhona uqweqwe wasolwandle kanye nasemazweni. Ngaphansi izilwandle koqweqwe kuba ohlabayo futhi mkhulu ngaphansi amazwekazi. It has ukushuba enkulu ezindaweni izintaba.

Isakhiwo uqweqwe wasolwandle siqukethe izingqimba ezimbili - sedimentary futhi basaltic. Ngaphansi ungqimba basalt Mokho ebusweni, kulandele isiphuku engenhla. Ephansi olwandle kwaba nzima amafomu impumuzo. Phakathi kwabo bonke labo ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo ibekwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile omkhulu maphakathi no-ocean emikhulu, lapho kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa abasafufusa abasha basaltic uqweqwe wasolwandle. Magma likwazi ukufinyelela kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa iphutha olujulile - elalikhona ukuthi onqamula phakathi kwe-bulala kanye iziqongo. Ngaphandle magma lisakazeka, kanjalo njalo baphokophelele izindonga canyon ngaphandle. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "lisakazeka".

Crustal isakhiwo kuba yinkimbinkimbi emazwekazini kuka ngaphansi izilwandle. I uqweqwe yezwekazi oluthatha indawo mancane kakhulu kunalawo olwandle - 40% surface yomhlaba, kodwa lunamandla olukhudlwana. Ngaphansi rocks sifinyelela ukushuba 60-70 km. I uqweqwe yezwekazi has a isakhiwo emithathu ungqimba - a inzika ungqimba, egwadle futhi basalt. Ngo izigaba, ngokuthi izihlangu, egwadle ungqimba phezulu. Njengoba isibonelo - aseBaltic Shield, eyakhelwe egwadle namadwala.

kakhulu Underwater zaleli zwekazi - eshalofini Ubuye yezwekazi crustal isakhiwo. Lihlanganisa futhi Kalimantan, New Zealand, eNew Guinea, Sulawesi, Greenland, Madagascar, Sakhalin, njll Kanye kwezilwandle yangaphakathi kanye nakulowo onganakiwe .: LwaseMedithera, uLwandle Azov, oLwandle Olumnyama.

Isendlalelo umngcele phakathi egwadle futhi basalt kungaba ingxenye kuphela, ngoba ngesilinganiso esifanayo we amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba, okuyinto kunqunywa kwabantu emhlabeni izingqimba nokwenza kwabo. Basalt Mokho ungqimba nabo ebusweni. Inzika ungqimba angase abe ugqinsi ezahlukene, kuncike elise kwalo landforms. Ngo entabeni, isibonelo, lapho noma sahlukene nalo, noma has a ukushuba elincane kakhulu, uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi izinhlayiya okuxekethile sishukumiseleka phansi ugudle emacele ngaphansi kwethonya amabutho angaphandle. Kodwa-ke unamandla kakhulu foothill izindawo, agcwalise futhi ayimigodi. Ngakho, ngo- ukucindezeleka iCaspian ifinyelela 22 km.