Njengoba abilayo iyahlukahluka kuye ukucindezela

Ngokuba ngumuphi kubantu baqala ubilise amanzi ngaphambi awaphuze ngqo? Kunjalo, ukuze azivikele amagciwane amaningi abangela izifo nama-virus. Lolusiko weza ensimini Russia medieval phambi uPeter Omkhulu, nakuba kunenkolelo yokuthi nguye babefake samovar wokuqala kuleli zwe futhi wasungula okudliwa itiye ntambama isiko. Eqinisweni, uhlobo samovars abantu bethu wasebenzisa ngaphezulu isiphuzo amakhambi, izithelo kanye izimpande lasendulo. Abilayo okudingekayo lapha ikakhulu for the isizinda isitshalo ewusizo okukhishwe kunokuba magciwane. Phela, ngaleso sikhathi Bengingekho uyazi microcosm, lapho la magciwane siphile amagciwane. Nokho, sibonga ngamathumba ezweni lethu azigweme esiwubhadane global izifo ezethusayo, ezifana nekholera noma idiphtheria.

Celsius isikali

Omkhulu meteorology, isazi sokuma nesezinkanyezi Swedish Anders Tselsy ekuqaleni wasebenzisa ukubaluleka degrees 100 ukuze ukhombise kwezinga-qhwa yamanzi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kanye abilayo ladliwa zero degrees. Futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo 1744, akukho ubuntu kancane owaziwa, isazi sezitshalo Karl Linney futhi Celsius Morten Shtremer umamukeli, liphendulile isikali for the lula ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Nokho, ngokuvumelana neminye imithombo, liye lazenza Celsius ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe. Kodwa kunoma isiphi isimo ukuzinza ukufundwa kanye iziqu ecacile bathonya ubiquity yokusetshenziswa kwawo phakathi yodumo ngesikhathi ubuchwepheshe ngokwesayensi - bamakhemikhali. Futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi angakhuphuka esikalini uphawu degrees 100 usetha ngendlela engaguquguquki thumba amanzi kunokuba ekuqaleni okokuqandisa yayo, isikali isibe kubaluleke ngokubizwa ngegama kumdlali, Celsius.

emkhathini ephansi

Nokho, akuyona yonke into elula njengokuthi kubonakala efika kuqala. Ufuna nganoma yisiphi umdwebo wombuso PT- noma PS-izixhumanisi (S entropy lokushisa ukusebenza kwencika ngqo), singabona kanjani kuhlobene izinga lokushisa nokucindezelwa. Ngokufanayo, abilayo amanzi, kuye ukucindezela ukushintsha ukubaluleka kwayo. Futhi iyiphi umgibeli kahle ujwayelene nalesi impahla. Noma ubani oke waba wafunda empilweni yami phezu ukuphakama 2000-3000 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, uyazi ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuba sikwazi ukuphefumula at kokuwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ephakeme sigibela, le ohlabayo emoyeni kuba. umfutho womoya lize liba ngaphansi kwe omunye umoya (ngezansi n. Ngo., Lokho ngezansi "kwezimo ezivamile"). Falls kanye ukuvala abacaphuni yamanzi. Kuye ingcindezi emsebenzini ngamunye eziphakeme kungaba ubilise njengasezulwini ayisishiyagalombili, nezintombi at ayisithupha degrees Celsius.

ingcindezi endzaweni lephephile

,, Naka kodvwa kutsi nakuba amagciwane esemqoka futhi bafe eshisa ngaphezu kuka ayisithupha degrees celsius futhi angaphila degrees abaningi ayisishiyagalombili. Yingakho senza thumba amanzi, okungukuthi, siletha lokushisa yayo kuze 100 ° C. Nokho, kukhona ezithakazelisayo ekhishini Imishini ukuthi sinciphise isikhathi futhi shisisa uketshezi lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphandle abilayo futhi kwesisindo somzimba ukuhwamuka. Eqaphela ukuthi kwamanzi abilayo, kuye ukucindezela zingahluka kusuka US onjiniyela esekelwe prototype French eyethulwe umhlaba 1920, i-cooker ingcindezi. Umgomo we operation yayo kusekelwe yokuthi isivalo ziqine yayicindezele odongeni, ngaphandle kokuba nokwenzeka ukususwa umusi. Phakathi ingcindezi ephakeme idaliwe, futhi amanzi uqala ubilise at okushisa ephakeme. Nokho, Isobho enjalo anobungozi futhi ngokuvamile uholela ekubeni ukuqhuma betshisa sina kubasebenzisi.

Kahle kahle,

Ake sibheke indlela eza futhi sihamba inqubo. Cabanga kahle bushelelezi futhi ngokungenamkhawulo enkulu Ukushisa kwamanzi, lapho ukusatshalaliswa ukushisa kuyinto iyunifomu (ngamunye milimitha skwele kobuso zinikwa esilinganayo energy ezishisayo), kanye maholoholo ebusweni ivame zero. Kulokhu, n. y. thumba endaweni laminar umngcele ungqimba uzoqala ngasikhathi sinye phezu kwawo wonke umhlabathi futhi zenzeka ngokuphazima kweso, ngokushesha vaporizing lonke iyunithi ivolumu okusamanzi phezulu. Lezi izimo ezikahle, lokhu akwenzeki empilweni yangempela.

Empeleni,

Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani uyini kokuqala ukuvala abacaphuni yamanzi. Kuye ingcindezi futhi sishintsha inani layo, kodwa iphuzu eliyinhloko lapha itholakala lapha yini. Ngisho noma sithatha abushelelezi, ngombono wethu, i-pan ne podnesom ke ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu, e eyepiece yakhe sizobona imiphetho engalingani abukhali iphakama njalo aphume ashone ngaphezu kwamanzi main. Ukushisa kuya ebusweni pan, sicabanga, sisetshenziswa nombala, nakuba empeleni akukhona isitatimende ngempela kuyiqiniso. Ngisho nalapho pan imi sikaphalafini ngobukhulu umyela isitofu lokushisa Ukuboshelwa kwasakazeka, kukhona njalo izindawo zendawo eshisayo obangela ekuseni namanzi abilayo. Zingaki iziqu Kulokhu phezu iziqongo futhi agcwalise ukulunga kwakhe? ungaphazanyiswa ebusweni iphakama efingqa ukushisa lifudumeza ngokushesha nisin nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi imigodi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizungezwe nxazonke by amanzi nge lokushisa ongaphakeme, anika amandla kangcono amangqamuzana awuketshezi. Coefficient yeziqongo ezishisayo ngesigamu izikhathi ezimbili kunakunoma nisin.

lokushisa

Yingakho kokuqala ukuvala abacaphuni yamanzi imayelana ayisishiyagalombili degrees Celsius. Ngalesi ukubaluleka kwamanzi iphakama ondla okwanele inani ukushisa adingekayo ukubila leso ketshezi kanye kumiswa bubble wokuqala, iso ebonakalayo, okuyinto unamahloni uqale ifike kwamanzi. Liyini iphuzu elenza amanzi umfutho womoya - bacela ngabaningi. Impendulo yalo mbuzo ingatholakala amatafula kalula. Ngezinye umfutho womoya abilayo isethi esigculisayo 99,9839 ° C.