Lokushisa Daily Jupiter

Jupiter - omunye amaplanethi ayisihlanu angase sonozungezilanga, okuyinto kungabonwa esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngaphandle amathuluzi okubona. Namanje singenalo noluncane ulwazi lokuthi ubukhulu bayo, izazi zezinkanyezi zasendulo assigned ke igama Unkulunkulu ophakeme wamaRoma.

Hlangana Jupiter!

Emzileni Jupiter eLangeni at km kwezigidi ezingu-778. Ngonyaka lapho ihlala 11,86 Umhlaba iminyaka. Qedela azungeza axis awo wenza iplanethi amahora 9 kuphela futhi imizuzu 55, futhi ngezinye Ezindaweni ezahlukene ijubane ukujikeleza kuyahlukahluka, futhi cishe perpendicular indiza emzileni eksisi, lapho izinguquko ezithile zonyaka azisenzeki.

Jupiter izinga lokushisa - 133 degrees centigrade (140 K). Ububanzi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 11, futhi ungqimba izikhathi 317 njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo engaba futhi mass planethi. Ubuningi (1.3 g / cm ³⁾ sokuboshwa ilanga ukuminyana kubonisa ukuthi mancane kakhulu kwabantu umhlaba. Gravity Jupiter izikhathi 2,54, kuyilapho amandla kazibuthe ngaphezulu izikhathi 12 kuka nemingcele efanayo ngaphezu komhlaba. Amazinga okushisa emini ku-Jupiter akuhlukile ebusuku. Lokhu kungenxa ibanga elikhulu eLangeni nezinqubo enamandla okwenzeka emathunjini planethi.

Inkathi izifundo optical planethi yesihlanu zatholakala e 1610 by uGalileo. Nguye wathola okukhulu kakhulu futhi ezine iziphuphutheki of Jupiter. Namuhla siyazi 67 mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini, amalungu kwamaplanethi giant uhlelo.

ucwaningo umlando

Kuze 1970, iplanethi ufundwa phansi, bese amafa esemkhathini ku-optical nomsakazo - amabanga futhi gamma. lokushisa kaJupiter yaqale kulinganiswa ngo-1923 yiqembu ososayensi kusukela Louelovskoy Observatory (eFlagstaff, United States). Ukusebenzisa thermocouple cleaner, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi le planethi "nakanjani umzimba abandayo." kokuma Photoelectric esehlanganise Jupiter, izinkanyezi spectroscopic ukuhlaziywa kwaholela esiphethweni mayelana nokwakheka kwe nomkhathi wawo.

izindiza Okwalandela mkhathi interplanetary elicwengisiswe futhi ezinwetshiwe ulwazi zanqwabelana. ohambweni unmanned "Pioneer 10; 11" e 1973-1974. iplanethi lokuqala idluliselwe izithombe at uhla close (ayizinkulungwane 34 km.), idatha emayelana isakhiwo emkhathini futhi magnetic emisebeni ibhande. Izimoto "Voyager" (1979), "u-Ulysses" (1992, 2000). "Cassini" (2000) kanye "okusha Horizons" (2007) wenza izilinganiso ngcono nemingcele kaJupiter uhlelo lwayo kwamaplanethi, futhi "uGalileo" (1995-2003 GG.) futhi "Juno" (2016) esesibona iziphuphutheki giant yokufakelwa.

sakhiwo sangekhatsi

core kwamaplanethi lezingalo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20. km ububanzi, ehlanganisa esincane idwala nensimbi hydrogen is Umfutho laya ezigidini ezingu-30-100 eziphindwe. Jupiter lokushisa kule zoni imayelana 30000? C. Kernel Isisindo - kusuka 3 kuya ku-15% we mass isiyonke le planethi. Heat isizukulwane core Jupiter alichaza mshini Kelvin - Helmholtz. Ingqikithi yalo mkhuba itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ukubanda ngokuzumayo udonga lwangaphandle (lokushisa kwamanzi kuyinto -140˚S Jupiter) ingcindezi iconsi kwenzeka, okubangela kokucindezelwa lomzimba Ukushisa okwalandela ekujuleni kwenhliziyo.

Isendlalelo okwengeziwe 30 kuya kwezingu-50 ukujula. Km, kuyinto into ethile zensimbi hydrogen ketshezi kusukela ukungcola kwazo zonke izinhlobo helium. Nokukhishwa ingcindezi core kule ndawo kuyehla kube izikhathi eziphindwe 2 million, i-Jupiter lokushisa uwela 6000? C.

Ukwakheka emkhathini. Izinhla kanye nokusungulwa

A umngcele ocacile phakathi ebusweni iplanethi nasemkhathini alikho. Phakathi ungqimba yayo ephansi - iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva - ososayensi abaye bamukela esifundeni ezivamile lapho ingcindezi oluhambisana umhlaba. izingqimba Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga ukusuka "kobuso", zitholakala kule oda elandelayo:

• I Stratosphere (kufika ku 320 km).
• I thermosphere (kufika ku 1000 km).
• Exosphere.

On umbuzo lokho lokushisa ku-Jupiter, impendulo isobala alikho. Ngo umoya ogeleza zeziyaluyalu Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows izinqubo okubangelwa ukushisa yangaphakathi planethi. idiski Kubhekiwe has a evelele isakhiwo ezimthende. I bands emhlophe (esishintshashintshayo) emoyeni uquqaba avuke phezulu ebumnyameni (amabhande) - iwe phansi, ukwakha izihibe convective. Ezingqimbeni engenhla Thermosphere lokushisa ifinyelela 1000? C, futhi bathuthuke ukujula ingcindezi enkulu kancane kancane uwela amagugu ezimbi. Nge ekuzuzweni kwemiPhumela iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva Jupiter lokushisa liqala ukuphakama futhi.

I engenhla izingqimba umkhathi inhlanganisela hydrogen (90%) ne-helium. Ukwakheka phansi, lapho main ifu ekwakhekeni sihlanganisa i-methane, i-ammonia, ammonium sulfate namanzi. ukuhlaziywa Spectral ikhombisa khona iminonjana ethane propane kanye acetylene, i-hydrogen cyanide ne-carbon monoxide, nesibabule compounds ne phosphorus.

ifu eziyizitezi

Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene imibala ifu Jovian kubonisa khona ukubunjwa yabo eziyinkimbinkimbi chemical compounds. Isakhiwo ifu kungenziwa kalula ukubonwa imikhakha emithathu:

• Upper - ayegcwele zinhlayiya oledenevshego ammonia.
• Ubuningi isilinganiso ammonium hydrosulfide zanda kakhulu.
• Ngo ngezansi - amanzi ice futhi mhlawumbe komncane kunabo amaconsi amanzi.

Ezinye imodeli asemkhathini akhiwa ososayensi nabacwaningi abaningi musa ukukhipha khona omunye ifu uqimba sakhiwa ammonia liquid. Ultraviolet emisebeni ukusuka elangeni futhi enamandla amandla ezingaba kaJupiter iqalwa ukugeleza izinqubo eziningi zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba emkhathini emhlabeni.

imihlola asemkhathini

Border esishintshashintshayo nendawo ezizobekwa ku-Jupiter zinezikhathi imimoya enamandla (kufika ku-200 m / sec). Kusukela yenkabazwe iye enyakatho ngezikhathi kushintshana ukugeleza izinkomba. I isivinini somoya incipha nge okwandisa latitude kanye pole cishe lingekho. Esikalini imihlola asemkhathini emhlabeni (iziphepho, umbani, aurora) umyalelo ezidlula siphakeme kunabo bonke abanye emhlabeni. Akwaziwa Omkhulu Red Spot akulutho like nesiphepho giant, kokweqa usayizi ka amadiski ezimbili endaweni yasemhlabeni. Slick is ukukhukhuleka kancane ngapha nangapha. Eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu kokuma yobukhulu bayo sobala aba nguhhafu.

Omunye umsebenzi we "Voyager" yasungulwa, ukuthi izikhungo indlela okwakheke ngayo vortex umkhathi ugcwele nemibani, Ubukhulu komugqa enkulu kwenkulungwane amakhilomitha.

Ingabe kukhona ukuphila Jupiter?

Umbuzo abaningi ngeke idale ukudideka. Jupiter - iplanethi, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi zazo (kanye ukuba khona kwamanzi) kuyadida - akunakwenzeka ukuba kube "iwumthombo elikhulu engqondweni." Kodwa khona eziphilayo begazi emkhathini giant ku 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, ososayensi asikabi khona. Iqiniso lokuthi e-ingcindezi eliphezulu lokushisa mahle kakhulu ukubukeka zamakhemikhali ezihilela ammonia noma hydrocarbon. Isazi sezinkanyezi u-UCarl Sagan futhi isazi sezindikimba ezisemkhathini E. Salpeter (USA), uholwe nemithetho yemvelo neyamakhemikhali, wenza nokucabanga ngesibindi izinhlobo zokuphila, ukuba khona lapho is hhayi ngaphandle kulezi izimo:

• Sinker - nezilwanyana ezincane ezingaba ande ngokushesha futhi izinto eziningi ezinkulu, okuvumela labantu ukuze usinde kulesimo esiguquguqukayo ukugeleza convective.
• Ezintantayo - izinyoni enkulu njenge Balloons. Ukukhipha helium esindayo, ukuzulazula ezingqimbeni eliphezulu.

Noma kunjalo, akekho "uGalileo" noma "Juno" into enjalo etholakele.