Zangaphakathi nezangaphandle isakhiwo Amphioxus

Lancetshaped Slug - lokho isikhathi eside ngokuthi lesi silwane engaqondakali. Manje ososayensi bazi kahle zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile of ummeleli bakudala kakhulu uhlobo Chordates. Ukubukeka, isakhiwo sangaphakathi Amphioxus netimphawu izinqubo zayo bokuphila kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

Umlando sifunda izinto ezintsha futhi olwenzeka endaweni

Emuva ekhulwini le-18, lo odumile isihambi Russian kanye nososayensi Peter Simon uPallas ezitholakala emanzini Black Sea ayevumela isidalwa esincane. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga yayibukeka njengesikhonyane silwanyana. ucwaningo nokuzilungiselela isakhiwo Amphioxus sabonisa ukuthi lo umzimba kuyinto chordates lasendulo. Kusukela kuye zivela zonke ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla.

Amphioxus ngokwemvelo zingatholakala ezansi izilwandle nasolwandle. Yena bukhoma angcwatshwe esihlabathini ngesikhathi 25 amamitha ukujula. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela lalesi silwane atholakala plankton - sesisonke zezitshalo nezilwane phezu kwamanzi. Uma isihlabathi kuyinto okuxekethile futhi, Amphioxus zigweda ke ngokujulile kakhulu, izinqe ngaphandle kuphela ingxenye encane ekupheleni phambi emzimbeni. Uma ebusweni phansi yakhiwa daka, bamane amanga phezu. Amphioxus Ungahambisa ngisho phakathi izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezimanzi.

Lezi zilwane uncamela axazulule amakoloni, inani labamemezeli ukuthi ifinyelela izinkulungwane zabantu. Ukwenza Ukuthuthwa zonyaka, ngokuhlangana unqobe ibanga amakhilomitha ambalwa.

Kwangaphandle isakhiwo Amphioxus

Isakhiwo Amphioxus, noma kunalokho komzimba, kunqunywa igama layo. Ngokubukeka ke kuyafana insimbi kuhlinzwa. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Lancet. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda isilwane isicaba singatsheki. I front end kuyinto tapered langemuva cut etshekile. Ohlangothini ventral kanye amaphiko ihlanganisa ifomu emphethweni, okuyinto ihlangana zibe ephikweni lanceolate umsila ngesikhathi ezingemuva umzimba. Ubukhulu lalesi silwane ezincane --8 cm.

nemigubuzelo

Amphioxus Sakhiwo sangaphandle - Ngokuyinhloko ikhava umzimba. Yena imelelwa isembozo indwangu - ungqimba elilodwa epithelium. Kusukela ngenhla it is embozwe ungqimba elincanyana we cuticle. Thanda inhlanzi, ngokusebenzisa amangqamuzana esikhumba somuntu ukukhiqiza eningi isikhwehlela ukuthi ihlanganisa wonke umzimba. Ngaphansi isembozo indwangu wembozwe ezicutshini.

Skeleton kanye nemisipha

Avilable Amphioxus kuchazwa futhi uhlelo ezihlinzeka ngosizo kanye ukunyakaza. It kuhlelwe kunalokho lasekuqaleni. Skeleton emelelwa kuzithinta, okuyisona kuwo wonke umzimba kusukela front end kuya ezingemuva. Ezicutshini ine uhlobo imicu emibili. Basondela nhlangothi zombili cord Axial. isakhiwo esinjalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba afeze Amphioxus kuphela ukunyakaza okuphindayo. Nge imisipha njengoba egoba umzimba kwelinye direction. I notochord futhi uba nokulingana - elungisa Amphioxus.

Izici Sakhiwo sangekhatsi Amphioxus

I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi ke phakathi chordates bakudala kakhulu. uhlobo yabo yokwenziwa ukudla. Lezi zilwane isihlungi esebenza ngogesi. Wokugaya ukudla uhlelo ngokulandelana. It siqukethe le umlomo, nomphimbo namathumbu nge isibindi ijabulise yayifanekisela nomxhantela. Umthombo Amandla ngokuba Amphioxus kukhona ezinamagobolondo, ciliates, izinhlobo ezahlukene ulwelwe, izibungu nezinye chordates.

Amanzi filtration kuhlobene eduze inqubo ukuphefumula. On ezindongeni pharynx kuyinto iqoqo amaseli nge cilia. Isenzo sabo kudala siwuthole njalo amanzi lapho sidlula pharynx futhi gill izimbotshana. Iphinde eyenziwa negesi lokushintshisana. Ngemva kwalokho, amanzi ukhululeka ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa Pore gill. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumuncwa oxygen ne ukukhululwa kwe-carbon dioxide kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa Uthwale umzimba.

Ngo Amphioxus babe ezikhethekile izinhlaka kukhuthaza. Zibizwa ngokuthi Nephridia. Lokhu amaningi abhanqiwe imiqulu. Basuke igcwale ngokugcwele emzimbeni, futhi omunye ukuvulwa ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni ngaphandle komgodi okolozhabernuyu.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi ayivaliwe. Siqukethe imikhumbi emibili - i ventral kanye amaphiko. Inhliziyo sishoda. Kuyinto umsebenzi bomkhumbi besisu okuyothi ngalo igazi ukhiphela yezwakala. It ihlangana ne uketshezi ingaphakathi, ukugeza izibilini ngaleyo ndlela enifeza negesi lokushintshisana.

Isimiso sezinzwa siqukethe tube ngehla kuzithinta. Akukona akha ukuqina, ngakho ebuchosheni Amphioxus lingekho. isakhiwo esinjalo bakudala isimiso sezinzwa futhi kuholela ukuthuthukiswa abampofu izinzwa. Basuke emelelwa emgodini olfactory, etholakala ekupheleni phambi emzimbeni. Kuyinto ukuqonda chemical ekhona amanzi esimweni siphela. Lapha itholakala futhi ihambe benzela isitho ethintekayo. Kanye neural tube namangqamuzana photosensitive.

Lokuzaliswa nokuthuthukiswa

I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi Amphioxus futhi inquma uhlobo uhlelo zokuzala. Kuyinto izilwane dioecious nge kokukhulelwa zangaphandle. Kutfutfukiswa engaqondile ngenxa amaqanda zibe izibungu, okuyinto ekuqaleni ukuntanta emanzini futhi liyafana gazinga inhlanzi. Zidla, ikhule futhi emva echibini isikhathi phansi, engcwaba komunye umkhawulo umzimba esihlabathini. Amphioxus Iminyaka okulindeleke kuyinto 3-4 iminyaka.

Okusho Amphioxus ngokwemvelo futhi ukuphila komuntu

ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia Amphioxus udle. Futhi kulesi sifunda zingabantu target zinhlobo kungani kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka. Abadobi babamba uziqondise emikhunjini esikhathini kusuka August kuya January, emuva kwamahora ambalwa kusanda tide ongaphakeme. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ithuluzi ekhethekile. Kuyinto ngesihlungo esibondeni ngoqalo. Kuwo lo nyaka, sabamba kweshumi amathani ambalwa Amphioxus. Kusukela okulungiselelwa izitsha yokuqala, kungashiwo okuthosiwe, abilisiwe noma omisiwe emazweni angaphandle. Inyama yale isilwane inomsoco kakhulu, ecebile amaprotheni namafutha.

Amphioxus kukhona bakudala zasolwandle chordates ukuthi ihlukaniswa njengoba subtype Golovohordovye bescherepnyh. Bahola ukuphila umzimba futhi udle ngu zokuhlunga. Okwamanje, awayona target zilwane kuphela, kodwa futhi isetshenziselwe ucwaningo ngoba ekutadisheni imvelaphi isikhundla taxonomic isilwane isimiso sezwe avunyelwe ukuhlonza amaphethini ukuvela chordates.