ENingizimu neMelika: impumuzo, lasungulwa kanye wesimanje namathafa

Eyingqayizivele oyiyo Geological kukhona, ngaphandle kokukhetha, zonke amazwekazi eplanethini yethu, kuhlanganise i-Ningizimu Melika. Impumuzo kwendawo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: sezintaba flat, nge ayimigodi ezinkulu. Ngenxa yalesi isakhiwo qweqwe , leli zwekazi isibe aluhlaza emhlabeni kanye olumanzi kakhulu, kodwa parallel amahlathi emvula lapha kukhona eyomile kakhulu ehlane izigodi neziqongo ezembethe iqhwa-eneziqongo ziphezulu kakhulu. Ake sihlole kabanzi lokho sezwe eNingizimu Melika nendlela okusebenza ngayo isimo sezulu endaweni.

Geology nezisekelo zalo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesisekelo zonke namathafa lasemhlabeni akha amapuleti lithosphere. Kwezinye izindawo, bathi washintsha, kanjalo zakha isimiso ukucindezeleka. Ngamanye kweqa, obumba izintaba namagquma. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa akuyona ngaphandle, neSouth America. Relief izwekazi zingahlukaniswa zibe eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Eyokuqala imelelwa izintaba nezigodi ezomile, owesibili - izifunda ithafa okuqhubekayo elisezansi.

Izizathu zalokhu umehluko kukhona izindaba emhlabeni kumiswa. Ingxenye impumalanga yezwekazi kuyinto platform ubudala flat iqinile. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga sise kuhlangana khona izingqimba yezwekazi futhi Oceanic ngubani namanje like baphokophelele nomunye. Ngokusebenzisa le nqubo, bakha futhi Azokuqhubeka Andes - isikhathi eside entabeni uhla emhlabeni. It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi kwakhiwa far kanjalo ngempumuzo Ningizimu Melika ngasentshonalanga. Izintaba ngokuqhubekayo liphuma njengokuzamazama komhlaba nezinqubo wentaba-mlilo bengayeki.

East kanye ethafeni yayo

Le ndawo Geological ithatha ingxenye enkulu ezwekazini i-Ningizimu Melika. Impumuzo lapha, njengoba sishilo, kwakheka izigidigidi zeminyaka edlule, futhi manje ngokuqinile ipuleti eyodwa lithospheric, okuyinto uzinzile ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba. Ngokuvamile, empumalanga nezwekazi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziyisithupha. Le ngxenye enkulu endaweni elalihlala Brazilian futhi ezinkangala Guiana. Basuke esisogwini amabhodi amapuleti South America. On amapuleti nawo ezintathu Emathafeni: La Plata, Amazon kanye Orinoco. Kugcine impumuzo ingxenye - Patagonia. Lesi sinyathelo ithafa, okuyinto ikhuphukela ukuphakama 2000 m. Itholakala ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwekazi, endaweni Argentina.

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo emathafeni empumalanga

Landforms yeNingizimu Melika esempumalanga kukhona kangangokuthi akekho ezintabeni noma izintaba eziphakemeyo eziphansi khona. Ngoba umoya futhi izishingishane lisuka e-Atlantic ukuze akwazi ukufohla ngokukhululekile kuze kube selizweni, ukuniselwa lina nokuzuzisayo inkungu amafu.

Ngenhla le ndawo low-ingcindezi endaweni, lapho "ukondla" Atlantic ukuhweba imimoya. Ngenxa yalokho, esiphezulu ke ewela imvula emhlabeni. Siyabonga kubo, Amazon emfuleni embhedeni, umfula omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, kukhona onganqamukiyo egcwele. Futhi zizungezwe esingangeneki jungle tropical uhlalwe izihlahla esiyingqayizivele.

Isakhiwo West

Le ngxenye nezwekazi lincane kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo njengomuntu welulela ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Namanje siyaqoqwa, ngoba lapha cishe njalo ngonyaka, Ukuzamazama komhlaba, futhi njalo eminyakeni 10-15 izintaba-mlilo ziqhuma. Lapha, impumuzo enkulu yezwekazi lase-Ningizimu Melika kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: Andes izintaba emathafeni Atacama Desert. Uyephuza lebanga 9000 amakhilomitha - yinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu Mount Aconcagua, ukuphakama kwalo - 6962 amamitha. Lokhu uhla kuyinto nakangaka hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi isithiyo ku-zasezindaweni Pacific. emimoyeni ebandayo imisinga Antarctic ukuthi ukudlula lapha, ukufinyelela kuphela emagqumeni Atacama, hhayi usengena shí zwekazi.

idatha zezulu

Andes hlala lonke ugu olusentshonalanga ye ezwekazini i-Ningizimu Melika. Indawo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu: North, Centre naseNingizimu. Eyokuqala yalezi iyona ezimanzi - lapha esiphansi ashukumisayo ozungeze umhlaba wethu. ngezinye izikhathi kwezulu Lonyaka ifinyelela 7,000 mm, kuyilapho isilinganiso - 4000 mm. Ingxenye phakathi Andes ebanzi kakhulu (kufika ku 500 km), bese ingcindezi liyakhula kancane kancane. Inani imvula ngonyaka - kuze kufinyelele 1500 mm, ngezinye izikhathi isomiso 500 mm. Izinga lokushisa lehla njengoba libukhali esinqeni, futhi indawo sekhiba okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eseduze kukhona Atacama - ogwadule eyomile kakhulu emhlabeni. Kwezinye izingxenye imvula yayo futhi inkungu kakade kwase kweminyaka engu-400 ubudala. Wik-Andes driest. Ubuningi lokushisa umehluko lapha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi sifinyelele 40 °. Inzika - 250 mm.

Namathafa eNingizimu neMelika

Isakhiwo Geological kwanoma iyiphi izwekazi sisonke inquma flora zayo nezilwane, kudala landscape. Namathafa ukuthi singathola eNingizimu Melika, kukhona ngendlela emangalisayo ahlukahlukene, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuwo wonke amagumbi aleli zwekazi uhlukile ngoba kwenye ubuhle obunjalo alusekho.

Ngakho, ogwini olusempumalanga, okuyinto wageza ngu-Atlantic Ocean - ebhishi ngobumnene ezitshekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bagcina ukudlulela amagquma ezincane (isibonelo samambala - Rio de Janeiro). Ngamanye amaphuzu izwekazi ngokuphelele isimo sezwe flat (Buenos Aires). Maphakathi ezingeni izwekazi kuyehla, okuyinto enomthelela kumiswa endaweni ebiyelwe ngamapulangwe nemifula eminingi. Lona abadumile jungle South America futhi Amazon. West livela njengendlela izintaba ezinde embozwe yiqhwa kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa zisetshenziswa. Eduzane nogu Pacific Ocean benyukela entabeni, lapho izwe ngokoqobo aqhephukile kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi nesomiso. zigodi Lapha njalo edwaleni ngokubomvu, okuyinto entwasahlobo embozwe amakhambi nezimbali, futhi kuyithuba ehlobo ziphenduka ugwadule kunomoya.

Imiphumela

Thina kafushane kubhekwe, ukuthi ungubani, impumuzo yeNingizimu Melika. Ibanga 7 - inkathi lapho nezingane batadisha ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo se-emazweni ahlukahlukene kakhulu kule planethi yethu. Ngakho abazifundile indaba, ukunikeza Emfanekisweni engcono ngayinye sigaba ngabanye kuleli zwekazi, ukuze ubuchopho ungase ukuhlobanisa ulwazi olujwayelekile ngemifanekiso ebonwayo.