Izendlalelo Umkhathi

Ngezinye izikhathi emkhathini, ungqimba obukhulu ozungeze iplanethi yethu, ngokuthi ulwandle yesihlanu. Shono isihloko wesibili indiza - endizeni. Isibhakabhaka inhlanganisela amagesi ezahlukene, okuyinto kubuswa nitrogen ne-oxygen. Kuyinto sibonga yokugcina emhlabeni ukuphila kungenzeka ngendlela lapho thina zijwayele. Ngaphandle kwalezi, kukhona namanje 1% kwezinye nabavoti. Lokhu inert (ningangeni chemical nokuxhumana) amagesi sulphur dioxide, i -carbon dioxide. Futhi olwandle yesihlanu aqukethe ukungcola mechanical :. Uthuli, umlotha, njll Zonke izingqimba umkhathi isiyonke ukunweba cishe ukuba 480 km ebusweni (idatha zihlukile, imininingwane kuleli phuzu izogxila). Lokhu ukujiya umxhwele yakha ehlukile isihlangu esingangeneki ukuvikela iplanethi kusukela elimazayo cosmic ngemisebe izinto ezinkulu.

Kukhona izingqimba elandelayo emkhathini: le iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva, kwalandela Stratosphere, mesosphere naphambili, ekugcineni, thermosphere. Inqubo ngenhla iqala ngo ebusweni iplanethi. Reentry emelelwa ezimbili zokuqala. Bona ezihlunge Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo elimazayo cosmic ngemisebe.

Isendlalelo phansi emkhathini - the iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva, kwelula 12 nje km engamamitha (18km ezindaweni ezishisayo). Kukhona bagxila ku-90% isitimu Nokho amafu kwakhiwa therein. Iningi emoyeni ibuye bagxila lapha. Zonke okwalandela umoya esibandayo, kusukela budebuduze ebusweni ivumela kwelanga kubonakala ukufudumeza emoyeni.

I Stratosphere ubabonisa acishe afike km 50 ebusweni. Iningi Balloons sezulu "ukubhukuda" kule ungqimba. Futhi lapha ingandiza ezithile zezindiza. Esinye sezici ngokumangalisayo ukulawula izinga lokushisa: in the uhla kusuka km 25 kuya 40 iqala lokushisa kuyanda. -60 degrees Celsius liyophuma cishe ukuze 1. Bese kuba khona ukwehla okuncane kuqanda, okuyinto walondoloza kumuntu ukuphakama 55 km. I mkhawulo - uba nedumela elibi ungqimba lwe-ozone.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe 90 km mesosphere kwelula. izinga lokushisa lapha lehla kakhulu. Ngoba wonke amamitha 100 yokwenyuka kukhona ukwehla ngo 0.3 degrees. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye enomoya umkhathi. I kwabantu emoyeni liphansi, kodwa kwanele ukwakha ukumelana falling Meteor.

Atmosphere ngomqondo ezivamile anqamule endaweni engamamitha angaba ngu-118 km. Lapha auroras abadumile akhiwa. Ucala ngenhla endaweni thermosphere. Ngenxa X ray nakuma- ultraviolet ray kuthiwa ionized amamolekhuli ambalwa emoyeni equkethwe kule ndawo. Lezi zinqubo ukudala ionosphere okuthiwa (ngokuvamile kufakwe thermosphere ke njengenkulumo iyodwa).

Noma yini ngaphezu 700 km, ebizwa ngokuthi exosphere. Ubuningi zishintshe umoya uphansi kakhulu, ngakho sebehamba ngokukhululeka besuka ezweni, ngaphandle uhlangabezana ukumelana ngenxa ukushayisana. Lokhu kuvumela abathandekayo ngabanye buthelela amandla elihambisana degrees 160 Celsius, kuyilapho lokushisa kuma uphansi. La ma-molecule egesi okuye kwasakazwa eminyakeni exosphere ivolumu ngokuhambisana mass ayo, ngakho olunzima lezi zingatholakala kuphela ungqimba phansi. Ukwehlisa ukuphakama Luhambo planethi ingasakwazi ukubamba amangqamuzana, ngakho cosmic ephezulu amandla izinhlayiya nemisebe kubika igesi molecule umfutho eyanele ukushiya emkhathini. Le ndawo ingenye omude kunayo yonke: kunenkolelo ukuthi umkhathi ugcwele lawuguqula ngokuphelele ku nasemkhathini ongenawo umoya isikhathi emachibini ngenhla 2,000 km (ngezinye izikhathi ngisho inombolo 10000 kuvela). Artificial iziphuphutheki planethi azungeza sikhangelane thermosphere.

Zonke lezi zinombolo ayalinganiselwa, kusukela imingcele izingqimba asemkhathini ancike ezicini eziningana, isibonelo, umsebenzi solar.