Izinhlinzeko eyinhloko cell ithiyori - ubunye bonke postulates ukuphila

Izinhlinzeko eyinhloko cell umbono uwukuthi sokuqonda umsuka umthetho futhi ukuba khona izinto eziphilayo, ehlanganisa amayunithi aphansi. Lona nje okungaqondile we ubufakazi begazi bokuthi kukhona ukuphila kuphela yezinyoni, kanye neqiniso lokuthi wonke "amangqamuzana aphilayo" kuyinto sonke isimiso ezingaba khona ngokuzimela.

Izinhlinzeko main kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela cell abangu owasungulwa M. Schleiden noT Schwann kulekelelwa R. Virchow. Ngaphambi kokwenza tincumo nekubeka bahlanganise le postulates lokhu mbono, ochwepheshe wasebenza imisebenzi amaningi amandulela. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1665 , uRobert Hooke wokuqala wabona on kumiswa tube, ngokuthi "amaseli". Khona-ke kuchazwe isakhiwo yeselula ye izitshalo eziningi. Kamuva A. Leeuwenhoek echazwe unicellular. Ekhulwini XIX. ekuthuthukiseni Umklamo microscope kuholela ukunwetshwa umqondo isakhiwo eziphilayo, wethula nomqondo eziphilayo. T. Schwann siqhuba Luhlatiyo owesincane iyunithi ezihlelekile yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, futhi Schleiden incwadi "Izinto ku phytogenesis".

Izinhlinzeko main kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela cell, akhiwa Schleiden futhi Schwann:

1. Zonke izimila nezilwane yakhiwa amayunithi aphansi.
2. Ukukhula nokuthuthuka zezitshalo nezilwane eziphilayo zenzeka ngenxa ukuvela "amangqamuzana aphilayo" entsha.

Lesi sakhiwo yisona iyunithi ezincane kunazo zonke umzimba bukhoma futhi - iqoqo kubo.

R.Virhov wabe esenezela iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi zonke iyunithi kwesakhiwo lisuselwa zazo siqu. Lo msebenzi ihlelwe futhi wafingqa izikhathi eziningi. Manje main amalungiselelo inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela yesimanje yeseli zimi kanje:

1. Iseli kuyinto iyunithi zokucathula eziphilayo.
2. Iyunithi kulencane isakhi zonke izinto eziphilayo Ukwakheka homologous zokuphila futhi umzimba izinqubo.
3. Ukukhiqiza kabusha cell division umzali.
4. Wonke amayunithi ophilayo abe eziyisisekelo isimiso, okungukuthi, zingabantu totipotent.
5. Ngo eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi amayunithi eziphilayo oxhumene united kulencane ngokuvumelana imisebenzi letisebenta, kanjalo zakha isakhiwo lematima (izicubu, isitho nogwali uhlelo).
6. Ngamunye 'amangqamuzana aphilayo "uyisimiso evulekile, elikwaziyo self-ikambiso yokuthuthukisa, ukudlala, futhi silondoloze homeostasis.

Kule minyaka embalwa edlule (emva eziningi ezitholakale ngokwesayensi) ukunweba lo mbono, ukungeza ulwazi olusha. Nokho, akuyona systematized ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke postulates ezinye ngokuhunyushwa ngempela ezinqumela. Cabanga ezivamile amalungiselelo eyengeziwe cell theory:

1. Amayunithi kulencane kwesakhiwo eziphilayo pre-enuzi kanye zenuzi hhayi ngokugcwele ngezithako zawo futhi isakhiwo ncamashí nomunye.
2. Le nqubekela phambili we yokudlulisa ulwazi zofuzo kusebenza futhi organelles ezithile (chloroplast, mitochondria, ama-chromosome, zofuzo) "amangqamuzana aphilayo".
3. iyunithi Elementary ophilayo Nokho totipotent Nokho, umsebenzi yofuzo zihlukile. Yilokhu kuholela kwamangqamuzana yabo.
4. Ezinamangqamuzana amaningi amele operation eziyinkimbinkimbi uhlelo okuyinto eyenziwa izinto zamakhemikhali, humoral nomthethonqubo kwemizwa.

Ngakho, amalungiselelo eyinhloko cell theory kwamukelwa nje okungaqondile yemvelo, okuyinto efakazela ubunye isakhiwo isimiso khona, nokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kokuba isakhiwo yeselula.