Inhlanganiso eMhlabeni. Ucwaningo we iplanethi

Umhlaba ingxenye yesimiso sonozungezilanga, itholakala at ibanga kwezigidi ezingu 149,8 amakhilomitha eLangeni futhi ingxenye yesihlanu ngobukhulu phakathi kwamanye amaplanethi.

Okuncane Umhlaba iplanethi

I velocity of nendikimba ethile esemkhathini emhlabeni Sun kuyinto 29,765 km / s. Ithuba Okugcwele kwenza izinsuku solar 365,24. UMhlaba wethu has eyodwa satellite. Lokhu inyanga. It is azungeza iplanethi yethu at ibanga 384.400 km. Mars has izinyanga ezimbili, futhi Jupiter - ayisithupha nesikhombisa. Irediyasi isilinganiso planethi 6371 km, ngenkathi olufana ellipsoid, kancane isicaba-pole sendlala kanye yenkabazwe.

Ungqimba kanye kwabantu Zomhlaba

isisindo salo 5.98 * 1024 kg, kanye ukuminyana isilinganiso Earth 5,52 g / cm ^3. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sibalo at ungqimba lomhlaba luphakathi 2,71 g / cm ^3. Kule kusobala ukuthi kwabantu iplanethi enguMhlaba is kakhulu anda ekufezeni ukujula. Lokhu kungenxa oyiyo.

Umhlaba kwabantu kuqala isilinganiso kunqunywa Newton, ngalo ibalwa ngenani 5-6 g / cm ^3. Ukwakheka kwalo chemical iyafana amaplanethi eliwumhlaba, ezifana Venus ne-Mars kanye kancane Mercury. Ukwakheka emhlabeni yensimbi - 32% Oxygen - 30%, Silica - 15%, MG - 14% sulphur - 3% Ni - 2% Calcium - 1.6% aluminium - 1.5%. Ngo tincenye letisele isamba seyihlanganisa 1.2%.

Iplanethi yethu - Blue isihambi isikhala

Ukuthola Umhlaba eduze ithonya kwelanga phezu kwalabo noma amanye amakhemikhali esimweni liquid gaseous. Ngenxa yokwakheka Umhlaba onhlobonhlobo, kwakheka izinhlayiya zayo eziphumela emoyeni, hydrosphere futhi lithosphere. Isibhakabhaka siqukethe ngokuyisisekelo ingxube ka amagesi nitrogen ne-oxygen 78% no-21% ngokulandelana. Futhi-carbon dioxide - 1.6% futhi trace amanani yamagesi inert ezifana-helium, neon, Xenon, nabanye.

Hydrosphere kuyiplanethi yethu yamanzi futhi ithatha 3/4 of ubuso bayo. Umhlaba - planethi yethu okuwukuphela kwayo aziwayo esimisweni sonozungezilanga namuhla, okuyinto has a hydrosphere. Amanzi kuye kwafeza indima ebalulekile ukuvela lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngenxa yaso ephezulu ethize ukushisa kwegazi futhi hydrosphere kubhalansisa izimo zezulu at Ezindaweni ezahlukene, futhi yakha sezulu kule planethi. Wakhe bamele izilwandle, imifula kanye komhlaba. Solid ingxenye iplanethi yethu yakhiwa rocks sedimentary, egwadle futhi basalt ungqimba.

Isakhiwo Earth futhi oyiyo

Umhlaba njengoba kwamanye amaplanethi eliwumhlaba has a egqinsiwe Sakhiwo sangekhatsi. kukhona i-nucleus e isikhungo salo. Lokhu kulandelwa kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa, okuyinto usesikhundleni Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo ivolumu le planethi, bese ungqimba lomhlaba. Yakheke phakathi laphakathi kuhluke Ukwakheka kwabo. Ngoba isikhathi ukhona iplanethi yethu, iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane zezigidi 4.5 ubudala, washaya idwala, usinde izakhi bedle gravity lwangena okwengeziwe futhi eminye ku maphakathi Earth. Okunye izakhi, ilula ziseduze naye ubuso bayo.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi inaccessibility esifubeni

Umuntu kunzima kakhulu engena ijule emhlabeni. Omunye imithombo ejulile yamba eNhlonhlweni Kola. ukujula Its amakhilomitha 12.
Ibanga ebusweni kuya maphakathi iplanethi ingaphezu 6300 amakhilomitha.

Sisebenzisa amathuluzi okucwaninga engaqondile

Ngenxa yalokhu yembathani iplanethi yethu, ibekwe endaweni ukujula eside, ehlaziya Imiphumela yenhlolo-vo zokuzamazama komhlaba. Njalo ngehora Umhlaba ezindaweni ezahlukene kwenzeka cishe eyishumi oscillations ubuso bayo. Ngesisekelo ezinkulungwane iziteshi zokuzamazama komhlaba baqhuba ucwaningo idatha esiphelweni ngesikhathi ukuzamazama komhlaba. Lezi kunyakaza okusakazwa ngendlela efanayo njengoba enyakaza into yokusakaza. Lapho kuqala igagasi lingena singene ungqimba ohlangene, ijubane layo uma igijima ishintsha ngokuzumayo. Ukusebenzisa le datha, abacwaningi bakwazi ukunquma kwemingcele amagobolondo engaphakathi iplanethi. Isakhiwo Earth, kukhona izingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko.

ungqimba lomhlaba futhi izakhiwo zalo

I engenhla igobolondo Zomhlaba - kuba ungqimba lomhlaba. Uhlonze lwalo ziyahlukahluka kusuka 5 amakhilomitha ezindaweni wasolwandle amakhilomitha 70 ezintabeni izindawo ezwekazini. Maqondana yonke le mbulunga lokhu igobolondo njengoba mncane njengoba i eggshell, futhi ngaphansi kwalo a zineminyaka umlilo ngomshoshaphansi. Lisitshela Umlando izinqubo ezihleli okwenzeka emathunjini omhlaba ukuthi sibona ngesimo mlilo nokuzamazama komhlaba, kubangele nowencithakalo enkulu.

uqweqwe eMhlabeni - ungqimba kuphela iyatholakala yokuba abantu baphile kanye nophenyo egcwele. Isakhiwo uqweqwe eMhlabeni ngaphansi amazwekazi nasolwandle kuyahlukahluka.

uqweqwe Continental emhlabeni usesikhundleni endaweni ezincane kakhulu bomhlaba, kodwa likwazi isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. It yakhiwa sedimentary olwelwesini egwadle futhi basalt zamatshe phansi. I uqweqwe yezwekazi ukuhlangabezana rocks osekukade, ogama yobudala abangaba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ubudala.

Oceanic uqweqwe izacile, engaba mihlanu kuphela amakhilomitha, kantsi sicuketse loku izingqimba ezimbili: the letincane kanye engenhla basalt sedimentary. Ubudala izinhlobo wasolwandle akazange idlule eminyakeni million 150. Kulesi ungqimba, ukuphila kube khona.

Isiphuku futhi yini esiyaziyo ngalo

Ngaphansi ungqimba uqweqwe overlies ngokuthi isiphuku. Umngcele phakathi ke nebhalsamu namagxolo ngempela ngokucijile kumakwe. It is esigama Mohorovicha ungqimba, futhi zingatholakala at a amane amakhilomitha ukujula. Mohorovicha umngcele bahlanganisa ikakhulu basalt futhi silicates okuyizinto isimo okuqinile. Ngaphandle ezinye "ekhukhwini lava", okuyizinto ewuketshezi.

I ukushuba isiphuku - cishe izinkulungwane ezintathu amakhilomitha. Zogqinsi efanayo atholakele kwamanye amaplanethi. Kuleli kunokwanda osobala umngcele velocities zokuzamazama komhlaba kusukela 7,81 kuya 8,22 km / s. isiphuku eMhlabeni sehlukaniswe tincenye yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Umngcele phakathi ungqimba idatha ukhonza geospheres Galitsina okuyinto at a mayelana 670 km ukujula.

Kanjani ukwakha ulwazi mayelana engutsheni yakhe na?

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 Umngcele Mohorovicha uye wakwenza kuxoxwa. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukuthi inqubo metamorphic ngawo amatshe akhiwa nge high density. Abanye ososayensi baye wachaza ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi zokuzamazama komhlaba wave Isivinini ushintsho okuqukethwe yamadwala kusukela kuqhathaniswa ukukhanya izinhlobo esinzima ngokwengeziwe.

Manje lo mbono ibhekwa njengeBhayibheli nolwazi oluyisisekelo lokuthi amasu ocwaningo kanye nezinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi iplanethi. Wona isiphuku eMhlabeni ngokuqondile ayitholakali ucwaningo ngqo ngenxa ezijulile-ukuqamba amanga, futhi akazange angene kwamanzi.
Ngakho-ke, ulwazi oluyisisekelo is etholwe izindlela geochemical futhi Geophysical. Ngokuvamile, ngokusebenzisa kabusha imithombo ekhona - umsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
Isiphuku ethola ukuba imisebe eyingozi evela isikhungo, ayithinta ngayo kusukela degrees 800 kuya ku-2000-degree phezulu eduze nucleus. Kusolwa, eqinisweni, ukuthi impahla isiphuku siyahamba njalo.

Kuyini e kwabantu kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa Ngomhlaba?

I kwabantu ka Earth ngaphakathi kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa ifinyelela mayelana 5.9 g / cm ^3. Ingcindezi kwandisa ne ukujula ongafinyelela 1.6 Mill. Atm. Endabeni ekutholeni izinga lokushisa isiphuku ukubukwa ososayensi ngokubikezela izinto ezididayo nezingathembekile kunalokho eziphikisanayo, 1500-10000 degrees Celsius. Lawa umbono linqoba kososayensi.

I eduze isikhungo, hot

Maphakathi Umhlaba ezithathwe ikhenela. ingxenye yayo engenhla itholakala endaweni ka 2900 amakhilomitha ukujula ebusweni (core yangaphandle) futhi u-30% we isisindo ingqikithi emhlabeni. Lesi sendlalelo has property uketshezi viscous kanye conductivity kagesi. Iqukethe 12% sulphur ne 88% yensimbi. Esikhathini umongo-isiphuku emhlabeni ayajiya ngokucijile futhi ifinyelela mayelana 9.5 g / cm ^3. Emhlanganweni we mayelana 5100 km ukujula ukuqaphela ingxenye yalo engaphakathi, engaba okuyinto mayelana 1260 amakhilomitha, nesisindo - 1.7% ngesisindo sezinti iplanethi.

Ingcindezi esikhungweni omkhulu ukuze yensimbi kanye nickel, okuyinto kufanele ketshezi, kukhona esimweni okuqinile. Ngokusho ucwaningo, isikhungo eMhlabeni iyindawo nezimo Superextreme nge ingcindezi eziyizigidi ezingu-3.5 eziphindwe kanye eshisa ngaphezu kuka 6000 degrees.

Kule ndaba, i-iron-nickel ingxubevange akuthunyelwa ku isimo uketshezi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinga lokuncibilika lezi zinsimbi ilingana 1450-1500 degrees Celsius. Ngenxa ingcindezi omkhulu e maphakathi mass kanye kwabantu Umhlaba ngempela omkhulu. Omunye decimeter intilibathwa impahla ukala amakhilogremu mayelana nambili nesigamu. Kuyinto eliyingqayizivele futhi okuwukuphela kwendawo lapho kwabantu kule planethi iphakeme kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye embhedeni wakhe.

Nweba konke izindlela ukuxhumana ngaphakathi Umhlaba kwakungeke nje ezithakazelisayo, kodwa futhi ewusizo. Sithanda ube ukwakheka ecacile amaminerali ezahlukene futhi indawo yabo. Mhlawumbe kungaba ngokugcwele inqubo ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenze kube lula ngokunembile ebaxwayisa. Njengamanje, zingabantu ezingalindelekile futhi alethe okuningi nokufa nokubhujiswa. ulwazi eqondile notshwala Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows kanye nokuxhumana yabo ne lithosphere, kungase kucacise ukuthi le nkinga. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi esizayo kuyoba umsebenzi eside, ezithakazelisayo futhi ewusizo kunazo zonke esintwini.