Isakhiwo Zomhlaba

Umhlaba Wethu - uwukuphela kweplanethi esimisweni sonozungezilanga lapho izinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kwaba kungenzeka ngenxa yokuba khona izingxenye eziningi zazo liqukethe, hydrosphere, nomkhathi, kanye eside kuthonywa Sakhiwo sangekhatsi umhlaba futhi ibanga predetermined elangeni. Planet limelela elipsopodobnoe umzimba owakhiwa eziningana amagobolondo eyinhloko yenziwe ngohlobo oluhlukile, zamakhemikhali izakhiwo ngokomzimba.

Isakhiwo Earth isihloko yososayensi abaningi emhlabeni wonke, kodwa namanje balitadishisise kuphela ingxenye yayo engenhla - uqweqwe eMhlabeni, kodwa kuthiwani ngezinye izingqimba, kukhona kuphela nokucabanga theory. Atmosphere kanye hydrosphere zimumethe gaseous futhi aqueous emhlabeni emgodleni. Futhi Sakhiwo sangekhatsi umhlaba emelelwa amagxolo isiphuku futhi core.

I angaphandle igobolondo - emkhathini. It igesi siqukethe ngokuyisisekelo oksijini nitrogen. Uhlelo elanga akuseyona iplanethi nge efanayo amakhemikhali umkhathi, efanelekayo ukuphila komuntu futhi zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ivelaphi ngenxa eside begazi kwemvelo zamakhemikhali. Esimweni, kukhona ezindaweni ezahlukene amakhemikhali ukwakheka, izinga lokushisa, isimo somzimba, okuyinto zitholakala ngongqimba ovundlile. Ukuze zokuphefumula futhi indle kubalulekile kuphela ungqimba lowermost, ukushuba of okuyinto esingaphansi 4-5 km. I enhla emkhathini rarefied ngaphezulu. inhlanganiso wayo kuyehla kathathu njalo 8 km (ukuphakama) is lehla futhi izinga lokushisa, okuyinto ke kwandisa endaweni engamamitha angu-50 e-Stratosphere. Enabileko lokushisa Mesospheric lehla futhi, bese termosphere (ngenhla 180 km) luyanda kakhulu. Njengoba lisendaweni ephakeme kuka 1000 km uqala exosphere. Therefrom yamagesi asemkhathini ekhiqizwa ukushabalalisa emkhathini. Ukwanda lokushisa kuhlobene ne ionization yamagesi asemkhathini - akha izingqimba electroconductive elibizwa i ionosphere.

Omunye umehluko okukhulu Zomhlaba kusuka kwamanye amaplanethi yesimiso sethu inombolo enkulu kwamanzi, okuyinto anikezwa ngokulingana isamba ezifundeni ezahlukene wokuhlanganisa (okuqinile, gaseous ne liquid). Amanzi igobolondo kuyiplanethi yethu ubizwa ngokuthi hydrosphere. It ikhona phezu iplanethi namanzi yangaphakathi.

isakhiwo Zomhlaba - imithombo yayo, cwaningo ngokusebenzisa indlela ukuzamazama komhlaba, njengoba manje, esintwini kwafinyelela izinga lokuba ukuthi unalo ikhono lwezobuchwepheshe sokuprakthiza ukujula kahle uqweqwe kuyinto km 12 kuphela. Seismology uhlole ukusatshalaliswa futhi okuvela amagagasi kwabezindaba ezahlukene, ekujuleni ezahlukene. Ukushintsha velocities yabo futhi kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ungakwazi ahlulele heterogeneity futhi babhekane nezinga elikhulu izingqimba ezijulile planethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izindlela eziningana zokuzamazama komhlaba okungenani ngempumelelo, ngawo wafunda isakhiwo Geological Zomhlaba. Phakathi kwabo, indlela gravimetric, indlela magnetometric nokunye.

uqweqwe eMhlabeni ingaphansi hydrosphere noma emkhathini. Kuleli kuncike oyiyo. I uqweqwe yezwekazi iyahluka kwenye amandla olwandle kakhudlwana futhi yenziwe ngohlobo oluhlukile. uqweqwe Oceanic asibekela cishe u 56% wamakhaya surface eMhlabeni. umthamo wayo cishe akukho kuka 5-6 km, kukhona esiphezulu eduze nezwe. Siqukethe izingqimba ezintathu: sedimentary, futhi i-basalt ungqimba igneous holocrystalline amatshe.

I ukujiya isilinganiso uqweqwe yezwekazi zokhahlamba kusuka 35 kuya 40 km. It yakhiwa izingqimba ezintathu: inzika, ezwekazini uqweqwe ungqimba futhi granulite-eziyisisekelo.

Phakathi cortex kanye ebusweni isiphuku kuyinto Mohorovicic (Mokho). Ezwekazini itholakala endaweni km 25 kuya ku-75 ukujula. Ngemva isiphuku iyona Moho. Ngaphakathi nanso are izingqimba ezintathu, okuyizinto ukuhluka nomunye:

• isiphuku engenhla (kufika ku 410 km ukujula);
• isiphuku isilinganiso (kusuka 410 kuya 670 km);
• isiphuku aphansi (670-2900 km).

isakhiwo eMhlabeni kuwukuthi itholakala maphakathi core, okuyinto liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili:

• liquid yangaphandle okuyingxenye, elise at a 2900-5146 km ukujula;
• Ingaphakathi okuqinile, Ukujula kwawo - 5146-6371 km.

Ososayensi abaningi uthi yensimbi ingxubevange nucleus sulphur, nickel, i-silicon. The main kazibuthe iplanethi yethu eyenziwe Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows core yangaphandle.