Izakhiwo

Isigaba Izakhiwo - enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zokwenziwa imiqondo ephawula nohlu olubanzi izindawo izinto, izinto kanye izenzakalo ngaphandle lapho umsebenzi engqondweni yethu yomuntu kuyinto engacabangeki.

Ngomqondo ebanzi, lezi izakhiwo agcwele zonke izakhiwo ze-non-amakhemikhali izinto, isb yokuthi ketshezi kuyinto akhawunti esingokwemvelo nokuxhumana yayo nezinye izinto.

Lezi zihlanganisa izakhiwo ezifana ukuncibilika ukubila imingcele lokushisa, ukushisa umthamo kanye conductivity ezishisayo, ukuminyana impahla. Ngu izakhiwo electrophysical kukhona inductance, conductivity ezishisayo futhi njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating. abaluleke kakhulu sezindawo ezifana ukumuncwa, umbala, okuhlushwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu isimo ukuqonda izakhiwo ngokomzimba futhi izici kuleyo ndawo, zibonisa, eyadlalwa yokuthi into kungenzeka engenawo amakhemikhali oqine kuphela esimweni lapho esitebeleni kuyinto isakhiwo kanye nokusungulwa zishintshe zayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba, ngisho nokuba efanayo isimo wokuhlanganisa, izakhiwo ngokomzimba into kungaba ezahlukene. Lezi umehluko kuthiwa predetermined yokubhekana nezimo ezihlukahlukene, njenge-crystal ngehele isakhiwo, abayitholayo njengengxenye isixazululo, nabanye.

Ngaphandle kokukhetha, zonke izinto ezitholakala emvelweni ifa Izakhiwo, enquma yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni izinqubo zemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, okushisa ukuncibilika (lokhu impahla ngokuvamile okuthiwa yayisemngceleni amareferensi lokushisa solidification), yiyona lokushisa umngcele lapho okuqinile crystalline umzimba izophela sesimweni ketshezi. Kulesi definition, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi Igama eliyinhloko elithi igama elithi "may ', okungukuthi, kusho ukuthi ezingeni lokushisa onikeziwe, lokho okubalulekile kungenzeka noma uketshezi noma okuqinile. Kodwa uma lokhu lokushisa ukwandisa kancane, izidakamizwa, yebo, uya kusimo ketshezi, futhi ngenxa yalokho - kunalokho. Lesi sici ezingokomzimba ketshezi kuyinto eduze ahlobene kwesinye isakhiwo - abilayo iphuzu, kodwa lezi izakhiwo ayafana kuphela icala uma kuziwa ketshezi okumsulwa.

Uma sicabangela Izakhiwo ezifana conductivity kagesi, conductivity kagesi, ezihlobene-iqembu sub of electro, kufanele kusho ukuthi lezi izindawo elichaza ikhono umzimba womuntu ukuze udlule kagesi. Kuye lokhu, imigwamanda okuyinto ukuqhuba ugesi abizwa ngokuthi babashayeli, kuyilapho labo ungaphuthelwa - dielectrics. Ngokusekelwe nezici zabo ezingokomzimba idatha, singa ngokushesha ukuphetha nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali. Y babashayeli zihlale abathwali mahhala kagesi, kodwa dielectrics ezinjalo kungenzeka ukuthi awunayo. Lesi sitatimende kuholela esiphethweni sokuthi Izakhiwo zihlobene property amakhemikhali, futhi Okusizayo kubangele nomunye.

Ngosizo nemingcele ngokomzimba lingachazwa ngokuthi lenqwaba izinto futhi izinto ezisizungezile ngokwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, izindawo eziyisisekelo ezingokwenyama nitrogen - into okuyinto ingxenye eyinhloko esiwuphefumulayo kanje.

Nitrogen kuyinto igesi kungenambala, okuyinto has a lokushisa ukuncibilika elilingana -210 ° C, futhi ezingeni lokushisa -196 ° C, i-nitrogen amathumba. Nitrogen oncibilikayo emanzini futhi ukuminyana salo 0.0012506 g / cm3. I njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating nitrogen ezingeni lokushisa elilingana 1.000528 25 ° C.

Noma, ngokwesibonelo, izakhiwo ngokomzimba we-ozone zinezikhathi imingcele enjalo. Ozone - liphinde igesi kungenambala nge iphunga othize kanye ukunambitheka, kuba tint amnyama-blue, futhi okuqinile iba abanzima esifundeni ketshezi. i-ozone ukuncibilika lokushisa -192,7 degrees, futhi amathumba at -111,9 ° C. Ozone kuyinto oncibilikayo emanzini, has a njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating ka 1.0019 (at 0 ° C), futhi kwabantu 0,002144 g / cm3 (ku-20 ° C).