Kudivayisi ngesibonakhulu

Isibonakhulu - iyithuluzi elibalulekile labacwaningi kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo. Ukusetshenziswa thuluzi wavumela ososayensi yokuthola izinto eziningi ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke lokhu kwenza ukwazi ukuthi idivayisi kuyinto ngesibonakhulu, ngayiphi injongo isetshenziswa, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zalesi yomculo.

Umlando omfishane wesayensi

Eqinisweni, bafuna ukuthola ukuthi ibaphi ososayensi wokuqala yasungulwa microscope namuhla ubunzima, ngoba ngemva kwamakhulu ambalwa edlule, survey kanye namarekhodi kwakungafanele sinesandla esiqine kakhulu. Yiqiniso, i-lens kuqala nezinye izinto ukwanda baqala ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside. Kodwa usuku okuvela enkompolo isibonakhulu sokuqala esikhathini kusuka 1590 kuya 1610. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi yaqala ukuthola ulwazi kusuka izazi ezihlukahlukene ukusungula Iyunithi zibukeke ukwandisa izinto ezincane.

Ezinye ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi microscope wokuqala yasungulwa ngo 1590 by Hans futhi kaZakariya Janssen. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ngokusemthethweni kokukhulisa laqanjwa uGalileo Halley. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi irherho liqala usebenzisa Antonie Leeuwenhoek nokugeza. Ungabona ukuthi idatha zomlando ziyangqubuzana.

Yiqiniso, kule 1600s zinsizakuphila zazinjengethusi kancane yesimanje. Isibonakhulu apharathasi kukhanga ngokwanele uhlelo elula uyayenza lens amabili, nolusebenza kuphela emini. Kamuva yasungulelwa zisebenzisa izibuko ezikhethekile ukuba agxilise ugongolo ukukhanya.

Kuze kube manje, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana mishini.

isibonakhulu ukukhanya

Le divayisi cishe yibo bonke abantu kusukela ezinsukwini esikoleni. idivayisi isibonakhulu akunzima kakhulu. Idivayisi inezingxenye ezimbili. Uphiko mechanical senzelwe nenkanuko edlulele kohlelo optical kanye kalula yokusetshenziswa. izingxenye Mechanical ezibhekwa tripod, tube, isifanekiso esiteji, Macro futhi mikrovintiki.

Ingxenye optical microscope siqukethe eyepieces kanye nezinhloso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izibani uhlelo oluthile, okuyinto unomthwalo lokuqoqa ukukhanya, lokuhlushwa ugongolo ukukhanya futhi ulithumele endaweni efanele. Uhlelo ukukhanyisa siqukethe a transformer epholisayo esibukweni. Ezinye nangezibonakhulu abe izibani esakhelwe low-voltage.

isibonakhulu polarizing

Lolu hlobo idivayisi optical kodwa umehluko othize. Le divayisi yakhelwe ukutadisha okuthiwa izinto anisotropic, ezihlanganisa amaminerali, imikhiqizo yemvelo kanye polymers. By the way, lezi zinto ezifanayo kungenziwa wafunda ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu esivamile, ifakwe kuphela ezimbalwa zalo izihlungi polarizing.

isibonakhulu Binocular

Ngokungafani idivayisi ngenhla optical, lokhu isibonakhulu has kuphela lens olulodwa kodwa eyepieces ezimbili. It Ngokuphawulekayo kwandisa izinto enixoxa ngalo. Yiqiniso, nedivaysi ezinjalo ngeke bakwazi ukubona amaseli. Binocular yakhelwe ukutadisha izingxenye ezincane zalesi sihlahla, isilwane izitho, amaminerali, njll Ngemva ngesibonakhulu optical ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu alinikezi amathuba cabangela izinto zalesi ngosayizi.

electron microscope

Lokhu okusungulile iyona ukufohla enkulu kwezesayensi, eqinisweni Kusinikeza nethuba lokucabangela izinto, okwandisa izikhathi zabo latinkhulungwane letinyentana. Yiqiniso, idivayisi isibonakhulu kunzima kakhulu kangakanani. Njengoba lisetshenziswe lapha ohlelweni ukukhanyisa akuyona ugongolo ukukhanya, futhi kuhloswe ugongolo electron. idivayisi okunjalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ucabangele ngisho nezinto ezincane ezingeni subcellular. Ngosizo lwakhe, thina eziye zahlolisiswa organelles lamaseli eziphilayo kanye waxoxa isakhiwo izinhlayiya ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Kunoma ikuphi, kokusungulwa microscope ukuvumele abantu ukwenza isinyathelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi.