Isifingqo "Polecat futhi Kalinych" esimeningcondvo ukuqonda kwakhe Turgenev

Indzaba "Polecat futhi Kalinych" - umhlobiso wangempela iqoqo izindaba short futhi eseyi "Amanothi we Hunter" Turgenev sika. It sihlanganisa kokubili kokuma siqu yomlobi futhi umbono wakhe ngale komphakathi "sezimboni" Russian. Egcwele ukwazisa kweqiniso kule ndaba, njengoba kufakazelwa isifinyezo yakhe. "Polecat futhi Kalinych" - isithombe yangempela yokuphila kazwelonke ukuze ababukeli.

Udaba komkhiqizo

Lokhu indzaba kwaba olufanele futhi ifike ngesikhathi. Iqiniso ukuthi ezikhathini ezinzima Turgenev emphakathini kwakungekho ubunye ukuqonda izinkinga "nokusondelana abantu." Ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, yena bahlathulula Slavophiles (osho ukuthi abalimi sizibophezele "ezinsukwini zakudala" futhi ezimelene izinguquko) kanye ideologists wobunxiwankulu (osho ukuthi nasebuhlotsheni obuphakathi kobaba nezingane abaninimhlaba-abalimi obunobunye). Izici polecat futhi Kalinych lokhu kubukwa refutes ngokucacile.

Preimages emfushane namaqhawe

Njengokulotshiweyo ukuthi kusukela esiqintini lelandzisako ezaziwayo, umnikazi sifundazwe Kaluga uMnu Polutykin wahlangana ngesisekelo okunamathiselwe mutual abazingeli umlobi elandisayo. Heroes "Polecat futhi Kalinych" Indaba yangempela. Eqinisweni, umnikazi wokungenisa izihambi izizathu ukuzingela okuthiwa uNikolay Aleksandrovich Golofeev. Ivan Sergeyevich sakuzwa simazi umsebenzi wokufuna, sahlala naye izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda futhi eqaphela Turgenev indaba ngokwabo therein uMnu Golofeev bekhubeka Ivan Sergeevicha.

Umfanekiso abami serf polecat, aphethe eqinile abafundile umuntu wangempela ngisho nemininingwane emincane. Leli dolobhana zamanje Horevka Ulyanovsk esifundeni Kaluga esifundeni liye landa lisuka kwabangu yangaphambili ipulazi polecat. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi ngokuhlala ngesikhathi polecat Afanasiy Afanasevich Fet, siphawula ayemukelwa kamnandi ngayo "Herculean kwalokho" umnikazi octogenarian, ngubani "iminyaka -. Ngingakhululeki" Izivakashi ungumnikazi epulazini zihlale uyaziqhenya ukukhombisa indzaba Turgenev sika. Yena, yebo, engangiyazi ngekhanda isifinyezo yakhe. ngaleyo ndlela "Polecat futhi Kalinych" ikhombisa bangempela futhi amaqiniso angempela.

Ubungane polecat futhi Kalinych

Polecat - ethule, Cabangisisa indoda nomndeni. Kodwa yayingekho izinceku. Big komkhaya okujabulisayo polecat: amadodana ayisithupha, ezifana zamandla uyise ukwakha okusezingeni eliphezulu endlini ivulekile, ukuphathwa phambili, basizane. Uma umnikazi Polutykin wamvumela ukuba baphume emphakathini yasemakhaya ngokubeka nezintela ruble 50. Isungulwe epulazini lakhe ngakho Polecat umkhankaso imisebenzi yebhizinisi, okuyinto kubhekwa nje ukukhokha umninindlu $ 100. Uma wayefisa, akwazi ukukhokhela off futhi babe mahhala, kodwa akafuni ngakho. Kungani? izakhi Ezazimzungezile - ezweni nabasebenzi, ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi naye. He is ngokwemvelo - a lale, handyman. Polecat owayeyazi kahle umphakathi kanye ngokomthetho.

Lokhu aphethe eqinile Okuxakayo ube umngane weqiniso Kalinych, Isimanga siwukuthi, amaqiniso abonisa okuphambene kuye. Kugcine uhlala Bobylev. Kalinych akazi ukuthi ukulima, ukuze uthole futhi wonge imali. Nokho, anakho nokunye. Uyabuqonda izilwane, iyazi ukuthi ingabhekana kanjani izinyosi, has amakhono ngemilingo, ezisetshenziswa for ukwelashwa. abantu ngokuphelele ezahlukene, futhi Khor Kalinych. okuqukethwe iDemo kwendaba, Nokho, ubufakazi ubungani babo abaseduze. Polecat Olungokoqobo nababonelelayo Kalinych ngenxa uthola, uma kunesidingo, usizo ekubhekaneni ezifuywayo, ukwelapha imithi yesintu Kalinych - nokuxhaswa polecat ezindabeni zansuku zonke, lapho kunenhlamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili interlocutors ezithakazelisayo. Turgenev wabhala indaba yakhe washiya inkampani yabo nge ukwenqena okukhulu.

Polecat ngomhla umphakathi Russian

Polecat isisebenzi Bafunde refutes ukuhlobanisa imibono ka 'ochwepheshe kubantu "Slavophiles ezibabaza pre-Petrine Russia, izingxoxo mayelana wezinzalamizi abantukazana Russian. aphethe Kuncono engena ipulazi nabo lwendaba. Yena okholwa ukuthi uPetru mina e kwekuhlela kabusha bakhe benza njengoba nje kwaba ukwenza indod Russian. Indzaba ayifakile luvo ephapheme Yabantu, njengoba kufakazelwa isifinyezo. "Polecat futhi Kalinych" umlomo lokhu "umnikazi womhlaba" kusho ukuthi uma abalimi kudingeka ushintshe noma yini, yena ubona kusukela kule inzuzo engokoqobo, akesabi ukufeza ushintsho.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Polecat sefilosofi ekuthuthukisweni yayo, kanye ukubukwa kamoya sekuyisikhathi eside ukuzibona ungcono kunabanye ngenxa Umninindawo Polutykin. Unomuzwa wokuthi futhi ucabanga ngokujulile, ukuthunga, nezolimo unethemba. Nokho, ngenxa ingqondo zemvelo, njalo kwenhlonipho "master" yakhe, futhi akazange ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula kude ukumklolodela. Ukusiqonda Polutykin ubuhlobo kanye polecat, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi ezifana isimo sezinto, uma sikubeka kahle, ayixhumene abanokubukwa wobunxiwankulu ku kulendawo obaba.

isiphetho

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngemva kokufunda le isifinyezo? "Polecat futhi Kalinych" - indaba, eyabhalwa isikhathi nendawo. Wenza ukukhala okukhulu emphakathini, impikiswano. Ejabule ngemisebenzi babe Belinsky, waseHerzen, Annenkov. Nokho, indaba akalithabathanga Slavophiles, abafowethu Aksakov. Kodwa ikakhulukazi impendulo ukwambulwa ifihla E. Volkova owathola "umcabango nobungozi abantukazana," okuyinto ugomela ngokuthi inkululeko ukuthi kungaba ungcono ngisho zomninindawo.