Ivelaphi izimvubu? Izimvubu bazalwa kwamanzi?

Kuphela e-Afrika, lapho izimvubu zizalwa, nemvelo uye wadala izimo ezikahle kakhulu ukuba khona kwakho. Ayikho enye izwekazi kungaba ozibongayo izilwane ezifana enkulu ukuchitha ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi ukuphila emanzini.

Kungani e imvubu Russian - imvubu?

Igama isilwane - imvubu amphibius - wanikezwa Carl Onomusa. Hippo lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu ngesiGreki njengoba umfula ihhashi amphibius - kokubili emanzini nasezweni - abahlala ezindaweni ezimbili emhlabeni (okuyinto kunikwe amandla), kanye emanzini, lapho imvubu azalelwa ichitha isikhathi esiningi usuku.

UBehemoti kubizwa yangaphambili amazwe eSoviet Union. Ekhulwini XVIII eRussia seyaziwa ngokuthi imvubu. Futhi kakade kusukela isiRashiya, lifuduka kuya Ukraine, Belarusian, futhi zonke izilimi zase-USSR. Igama elithi "imvubu" ivela eBhayibhelini, lapho leli gama livela omunye ezilo ezimbili ezinkulu (uLeviyathani lokuqala), owadalwa uNkulunkulu njengoba samuntu izifiso lokubakhonza ngezokwenyama. (Kuyinto kulo mongo igama elithi "imvubu" isetshenziswa kuwo wonke nezinye izilimi.)

usayizi ngokuqhathanisa imvubu

Hippo abavamile (imvubu amphibius) ubhekwa sezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, endaweni yokuqala indlovu, a kunobhejane ngosuku lwesibili. Habitat zokugcina - nezwekazi efanayo elisezansi yendawo abazalelwa kuyo imvubu. Isisindo iduna elikhulu ubudala ivuliwe isilinganiso amathani amane. Abesifazane kuze kufinyelele lapho ngineminyaka eyishumi ubudala nesisindo kakhulu ngendlela abantu besilisa. Bese kuthi-ke abesilisa isisindo ngokushesha, nakuba bobabili zikhule kuze kube phakade.

EYurophu, isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke ubhekwa ezimhlophe bear: kwekulu (wake kulinganiswa) kwaba owesilisa enesisindo 1003 kg, kodwa ngokuvamile phezu eqhweni izilwane Arctic ungahambi isigamu ton esinzima ngokwengeziwe.

Isimo sezulu futhi uchichima kokudla ezindaweni lapho izimvubu zizalwa, ikhule futhi ubavumele sithole kunomthwalo omkhulu onjalo. Ukuphakama at sokubuna kwabesilisa - amamitha 1.65 nje, kodwa ubude - 3 m, ngokwesilinganiso, ziye zabonakala izimo amamitha angu-5.5.

Ukuphila umhlambi

Naphezu uBehemoti ukuthandwa like isilwane, ngokuziphatha kwayo nasendleleni yabo yokuphila kufundvwe kangako. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuthi zilwane zichitha amahora emini emanzini. Life imvubu kungaphansi ukuziphatha ngesandla esiqinile kulokhu: usuku uyalala noma Slumbers, ngezikhathi ekuvezeni ibuyisele ngoba ephefumula (kumaminithi 2-10), ebusuku ogwini kwesigubhu ukudla utshani namaqabunga.

Ukuze sondle izimvubu bahamba ngezinyawo phezu kwezingqimba emizileni, isiqondiso ayikwazi ukushintshwa eminyakeni. Bona unyathele ithrekhi kuya kwesigamu imitha ukujula. Ezindaweni lapho imihlambi izimvubu baphile isikhathi eside, emizileni ezijulile ububanzi abekwa ngisho ogwini olunamadwala.

Abesifazane bahlala yabesifazana, lapho owesilisa omdala oyedwa kuphela wabusa. Isibalo umhlambi ifinyelela abantu 20-30. Ngokutholakala yabesifazana kwabesilisa ukulwa. Owinile uya lonke uquqaba "umnotho". Abesifazane (ku kokuma ambalwa) musa ukushintsha isithembu. Ugcina umhlambi compact nabesifazane ngokwanele ngaphandle izingane ngaphandle, ngaphakathi - omama abasha. Thola ngokusebenzisa ucingo yangaphandle akunakwenzeka kwabesilisa ngisho evelele. Ukuvikelwa okunjalo kuyadingeka ngoba izilwane ezincane kalula eliyochotshozwa ngu wesilisa Clumsy (noma ngidliwe ongamazi).

Ivelaphi izimvubu?

Ngu ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa izinsikazi zilungele ingakapheli iminyaka 7 ngemva kokuzalwa kwabesilisa - ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya ku-14. (Ukuze inkomba, kunenkolelo ukuthi izimvubu zasendle ukuphila ngokuvumelana engamashumi amane e-zoo - eyaziwa kakhulu isikhathi eside izibonelo sixties eyikhulu.)

Isifundo imibuzo izimvubu lokuzalwa ngokwemvelo aphansi kakhulu. Ngokusho oyiphawulile zabantu e-Afrika, izimvubu bazalwa bengaphansi kwamanzi kaningi kunalapho esezweni.

Female ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngokuvamile asuswe umhlambi, ngokukhetha Echibini elithile elincane, lapho imvubu wazalwa. Tiny ngokuvamile anesisindo esingamakhilogremu-avareji yamaphesende kusukela kg 40 kuya 50, ukukhanya livela njalo omunye. Umama kufanele nje ibenze ke ebusweni, kungenjalo ungase kuliminyanise.

Ekuzalweni loMfula insikazi ulungiselela "isidleke", uvalwe utshani utaptyvaya futhi ezihlabayo. Kungakapheli nemizuzu emihlanu ngemva kokuzalwa, kungaba lula ukuhambisa ezweni.

Yiziphi - Hippo kancane?

Ngo izingane obuphelele - 1 m, ukuphakama kusuka phansi kuya emahlombe -. Cm 60 kungase kube kusuka kg 27 kuya 50. Njengoba izimvubu bazalwa kwamanzi, ngumama okumelwe ngokuvamile efinyelela usana ephuma emanzini: kungaba ukubamba umoya wakho amasekhondi angu-40 nje kuphela.

nabesifazane lactating kuvale enkomeni, ivikela abasha ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa. Akakwazi ngisho lutho izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukuba eduze ithole nje akafundi ukuza kanjani ukungena kulesi siqhingi. Babe sucks wakhe kokubili ezweni emanzini, ubambe ezindlebeni zakhe futhi ukuvala wamakhala akhe.

Imvubu Little uhlala nomama kuze izinyanga ezingu-18, okungukuthi kangakanani esaqhubeka lactation.

Izimvubu bazalwa kwamanzi

Izithombe namavidyo yokuphila lezi zilwane zasendle ezithathwe izivakashi eziningi futhi izivakashi zoo njalo wabeka kwi-inthanethi. Lokhu documentary ubufakazi ukuthi izimvubu bazalwa kokubili emanzini nasenhlabathini umhlaba. inqubo lokuzalwa akubukeki ubuhlungu, kunalokho emangazwa iletha yakhe futhi transience.

I zoo yaseLondon imvubu lokuqala wangeniswa 1880. Manje, cishe njalo zoo ezinkulu inama hhayi kuphela khona izimvubu, kodwa futhi ukubonakala ngenzalo yabo. ERussia, imvubu kuqala wazalwa Petersburg Zoo ngo-1880. Futhi phakathi neminyaka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe e-zoo eMoscow wazalelwa ukuba nomntwana ophile kahle.

zoo Modern lapho izimvubu bazalwa kwamanzi, kukhona ivulekile amadamu. Lezi izilwane ukuheha enkulu izivakashi eziningi, wema amahora phambi aviary.

amaphuzu ezithakazelisayo

Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, ososayensi wafunda umbuzo ukufuywa imvubu sina. Lokhu kucatshangwa kusekelwe yokuthi abantu base-Afrika inyama izimvubu isikhathi eside kakhulu. Okunomsoco, ukunambitheka obucayi semali inyama (kufika ku 500 kg kumuntu nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani amabili) enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba bazame ukuxazulula inkinga indlala kuleli zwekazi.

Hippo, ngokusho ukuba yesimanje izazi, ke okungukuthi kakhulu eduze kwabo bokuphila idatha ku izilwane zasemanzini ezincelisayo (hhayi izingulube, njengoba ngaphambilini umcabango): imikhomo izimvubu bukhoma, yabelana imisindo uzozala ukuba namazinyane azo emanzini. Kulabo nabanye abanayo nezindlala sebaceous futhi izinwele, e testes besilisa kukhona ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

Emvelweni, izimvubu babe izitha ezimbalwa kakhulu: ngisho ne ezintathu izingonyama izilwane kulula ukuba uyozilungisa. imitha-Three ingwenya imvubu eluma nengxenye. Futhi uma lwengwenya abanganaki ukuphazamisa imihlambi kwengqondo, akayena ncamashi enkingeni enkulu.