Vychegda - emfuleni Komi Republic. Incazelo, izithombe

Russia - zwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, futhi omunye amanzi. Izwe possesses nenqwaba yamanzi ahlanzekile. Zonke endaweni Russian Federation kukhona abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2.5 we emifuleni nemifudlana. Lesi sihloko uzokutshela ngokuningiliziwe ngomunye wabo okuthiwa Vychegda. Komi Republic Arkhangelsk esifundeni ngokwengxenye - ngumkhakha lapho kwenzeka.

Kungani leli gama?

In ulimi the Komi abantu kwegama emfuleni Uzwakala Ezhva, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "amanzi edlelweni": "PE" - noma edlelweni utshani, futhi "wa" - amanzi.

igama Russian lomfula livela Vychegda amazwi inhlangano drevneugorskih "Vacha" - oluhlaza, edlelweni, futhi "ohgt" - emfuleni. Ngo yokuvumelana isiRashiya ingezwe amazwi uhlamvu lokugcina "a".

Ngakho, Vychegda - umfula ogeleza ngokusebenzisa izimfunda. Ngezinye izikhathi Komi ukuyibiza "umfula ophuzi", ngoba amanzi kuwo uhlale enodaka.

geography

Asiphumele ulwazi oluyisisekelo ezindawo ngalokhu echibini. Njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, Vychegda - umfula, bephethe amanzi awo emathafeni e ehlathini ikakhulukazi endaweni Komi Republic (85% of the pool) futhi ngokwengxenye kule Arkhangelsk esifundeni. Ukucinga kumephu kubalulekile enyakatho ingxenye European yeRussia. Kuyinto owumthelela elikhulu Northern Dvina, emikhonweni yakhe efanele.

Ubude siteshi 1130 km, endaweni pool - ezingaphezu kuka-120 eziyinkulungwane sikwele. km. Cishe bonke usebe lwawo embozwe ehlathini emahlathini, okuyinto abacebile ngakho ku Komi Republic. Emfuleni noma amawa, akukho amakhefu, akukho imibundu, ke ugeleza ngokukhululekile, kabanzi futhi kancane ezweni emathafeni nge umehluko ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-120 kuya ku-150. Uma elikhulu emfuleni izigodi, le anesihlabathi - esifushane, ewumngcingo, ngaphandle masimu.

Along embhedeni sandy emaxhaphozini njalo, umfula emthambekeni lincane kakhulu. Perm pool sakhiwa imali (ubumba, Marl) kusuka amalahle limestone indawo enkulu ngokungenakulinganiswa neyinkimbinkimbi ngokungaphezulu Jurassic idwala ekhumuzelayo ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ihlangane eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni.

Inkambo emfuleni kakhulu emazombezombe, isibonelo, ngezansi edolobheni Syktyvkar echibini, ngokudlula Semukovskuyu egqumeni, Curves arc emaweni ngasemfuleni Vym - owumthelela sayo esifanele. Ngqo phakathi Endpoints engekho ngaphezu kuka-3 km, nomfula kuyomelwe baye amakhilomitha angu-30. sezwe tortuous Vychegda umcengezi kwakhiwa ngenxa glaciations eziningi eNorth Sea, ikakhulukazi okuhlaselayo yayo yakamuva ezweni.

Umthombo nomlomo

Vychegda - umfula, kwakhiwa okuyinto ngesikhathi confluence ukusakaza Hewulani-Vosges futhi Lun-Vosges ukuthi ziyaphuma ixhaphozi UJüri-Nyur phezu elisemaphethelweni aseningizimu Timan Ridge. Kusebenta umthombo: 62 ° 19 '. w. futhi 55 ° 32 'e. d.

Futhi lapho umfula uthululela ku Vychegda? amanzi abo athwala ku Northern Dvina, okuyinto agelezela emzini Kotlas, okuyinto km 600 kude Ingelosi Eyinhloko. Kusebenta emlonyeni: 61 ° 17 ka-. w. futhi 46 ° 37 'e. d.

Hydrology

Amandla, Vychegda elixutshwe. Ingxenye enkulu eqhweni (40-45%) kanye in situ (34-40%), ngenxenye imvula (15%). okuqukethwe Water zokhahlamba kusuka 162 cubic metres ngomzuzwana eduze nedolobhana Ust-kuYe, 601 cubic metres ngomzuzwana Syktyvkar, Komi Republic dolobha, ukuze 1160 cubic metres ngomzuzwana eduze komlomo.

Lo mfula khulula ice ngasekupheleni April - ekuqaleni kuka May. Phakathi uzamcolo entwasahlobo Vychegda ezingeni liphume kakhulu - kusuka 4 kuya ku-7 amamitha. Amanzi agcwala uqonde ngezinyawo amakhilomitha amaningi nobubanzi. Ngo-1974, kwaba ikakhulukazi amanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu lapho ezingeni emfuleni kwakhuphuka ngamaphesenti cishe 8 amamitha. Kodwa amanzi amaningi ku Vychegda luyaphela ngokushesha.

engenhla Vychegda

Umfula sehlukaniswe engenhla, maphakathi kanye aphansi.

Upper Vychegda ageleza 346 km kusuka emthonjeni yayo confluence we owumthelela kwesokunxele kuYe. Lokhu pool limelela dissected ingxenye inamagquma ithafa ukuphakama 250 amamitha. Ububanzi esigodini emfuleni kuleliphuzu kwamamitha angu-200. Emlanjeni meanders yonke indlela, has a lot of Rapids amancane Shoals, ngoba kahle esheshayo - 0.7-0.8 metres ngomzuzwana.

Eduze umthombo ububanzi emfuleni ingeqi 15 metres, kodwa sona kancane kancane enwetshiwe Nema isivele ifinyelele amamitha 100. 3 metres, futhi ophakeme kunabo - - 10 metres Isilinganiso Upper Vychegda ukujula. Ukudla lokhu ingxenye emfuleni komhlaba neqhwa, amanzi ukugeleza eduze Pomozdino sigodi 50 cubic metres ngomzuzwana.

isilinganiso Vychegda

Iqala edolobhaneni Ust-Nema futhi egijima 488 km, uphela ngo- confluence wawo osele Sysola inflow (kuwufanele inhloko-dolobha Komi - Syktyvkar). Okokuqala, umfula ligijima le Kerchemskoy esigodini elele phakathi kwamagquma futhi Zhezhimparma Nemskoy, ingxenye maphakathi umcengezi usesikhundleni ethafeni omkhulu phakathi upland Northern Uvaly kanye Timan Ridge. Ngezansi isiteshi kugeleza ububanzi emathafeni izimbuku.

Ngakwesokudla umfula eziningi amachibi (Sindorskoe, Dont). Endaweni ye nemingenela ngaYe, futhi Vym North Keltma River libhekene Karst. Central Valley Vychegda ibanga amakhilomitha 10, ububanzi uzamcolo ethafeni, ngokuvamile kabili emaceleni, embozwe nezimfunda, izindawo izimbuku. Ububanzi embhedeni kusuka ngamamitha 100 kuya 700 has esihlabathini-ubumba phansi, enkambweni yayo zenzeka esiqhingini ogwini embozwe amatshe.

Ngokujula emfuleni Vychegda ngalesi indawo kukhona iyashintsha kakhulu - 0.5 amamitha ngu 6 amamitha phambi angajulile ku sifinyelela. Izinga ukugeleza yisilinganiso sesifundo 0.5 amamitha ngomzuzwana, kodwa ngezinye okusezingeni eliphezulu amanzi kuze kufinyelele 2 amamitha ngomzuzwana. Ukudla iqhwa luvame (60%), lonke ebangela imvula ngomshoshaphansi. Amanzi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi Ust-Nema kuyinto 160 cubic metres ngomzuzwana, e Syktyvkar - 600 cubic metres ngomzuzwana. Lapho entwasahlobo uzamcolo ezingeni amanzi asemifuleni antante 5-6 amamitha.

aphansi Vychegda

It evela owumthelela salo esifanele - emfuleni Vym, egijima 296 amakhilomitha emlonyeni. Esikhathini sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni iba olukhudlwana futhi ebanzi, kodwa lonke landscape nemibandela kwamanzi alo zifana kakhulu imibandela Central Vychegda.

kwemfunda Bilateral namanje ifinyelela 6-8 km, kodwa ngokuthi isigodi inweba kufika ku amakhilomitha 40. Coast kule elula umfula ngokuyinhloko sandy, akuvamile wadalula ubumba iziqhingi Peat ngemivimbo black. ezivamile Okuningi ngamatshe itshana. Ikakhulukazi eziningi kubo ngaleso pier Timasova Intaba, eduze fairway kanye Upper Soyginskom Slobodchikovskom angajulile, lapho akha yangempela itshe yokhalo.

Umfula e sifinyelela aphansi ikakhulukazi iqhwa entwasahlobo kunenani eqinile.

ziyamaniswa nokungangeni

Ngenxa yalesi amanzi ichibi eqoqwe 1137 nemingenela. Lokhu akuhlanganisi ukusakaza engaphezu kwengu-23 eziyinkulungwane encane, ubude baso ingeqi amakhilomitha 10.

nemingenela Major Vychegda (kwekulu): Right - Vym, Wohl, Vishera, Yarenga River futhi Elva, emkhonweni kwesokunxele - Vileda, Sysola, Lokchim, North Keltma River, kuYe South Mylva.

Ngakho Ingxenye nemingenela isb Vym naseNyakatho Keltma River, kuthiwa zidala salmon yokudoba kunenani elikhulu.

wemikhumbi

Vychegda umfula imikhumbi. Ukuhamba ivula ngo ngesonto lokuqala May futhi ivale ngaleso 20 Okthoba izinombolo. Inkantolo entwasahlobo ufika Voldino pier (960 km), kanye ehlobo wawela marina Ust Coloma (693 km).

I marinas ngobukhulu: Yarensk, Mezhog, Solvychegodsk Aikino, Ust-Kool, Syktyvkar.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo navigation ku Vychegda wukuthi isiteshi salo ingahlalisekanga kakhulu, futhi kwezihlabathi kukhona mobile kakhulu. Ngokusho la izinkomba, umzimba yamanzi osesikhundleni yokuqala eRussia. Ikakhulukazi kakhulu ulingeka Vychegda olunesihlabathi eduze emizaneni pukto Oshlape, Sharovitsy futhi Vyemkovo.

Kodwa umfula elisenyakatho yeRussia bekulokhu iyindlela eyinhloko yokuxhumana, ngakho, naphezu kobunzima, Vychegda iyona mfula main esifundeni: ehlobo sabantu ehamba emanzini, futhi ebusika - eqhweni.

Futhi emfuleni kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla isetshenziselwa ugodo elintantayo.

nemizana

emadolobheni amaningi ehlakazekile ezindaweni eziningi zakhiwa eceleni komfula. The main quote enabantu amehlo: inhloko-dolobha Komi Republic Syktyvkar, emizaneni suburban Ezhva, Krasnozatonskaya, Sedkyrkesh, edolobheni Zheshart, Koryazhma, Kotlas Solvychegodsk bahlala phansi, Anufrievka Anikeevka, nezinye izindawo.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ichibi, which busisa stattya, ocebile kakhulu inhlanzi. Lihlala Sturgeon, Pike, perch, Pike, bream, salmon ezimhlophe, chub, ide, burbot, roach, gudgeon, isiphika kanye nezinye izinhlobo izinhlanzi. Umfula feeds kuso sonke isibalo sabantu we Komi Republic.

Ukhululekile Railways inombolo isitimela sabagibeli 24 umyalezo eMoscow - Syktyvkar esisodwa wabizwa ngokuthi "Vychegda".

Manje uyazi lapho umfula Vychegda futhi iziphi izici zako ezisemqoka.