Habitat - endaweni nokusatshalaliswa taxon (umndeni, uhlobo lwe, zinhlobo)

Izinto eziphilayo bukhoma ku wonke yonke indawo: esikhaleni phansi emoyeni, amanzi, inhlabathi, futhi ngisho nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi ngokwemvelo kuyo imvelo ethile kuwo ngqo oluhambisana.

Kuyini engokwemvelo? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, cabanga imiqondo ebanzi: mphakathi, biocenosis futhi biogeocoenosis. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ezimileni nasezilwaneni ngokuvamile kungene izingxenye eyohlobo insimu futhi nihlanganyele, bakha umphakathi. Labo, esikhundleni salokho, oxhumene nabo bonke eziphilayo ezihlala insimu unikezwa, ukwakha biocenosis. Ukuhlanganyela izici ezingaphili (lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanyisa nokunye. D.) Yakha eziphilayo olulodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kusuka kunyatheliswa ndaba namandla, okuthiwa biogeocenosis. Uhlobo ngalunye ecosystem e ukudla okuthile futhi usuthisa base amandla nezinye izinto eziphilayo (supply wesifunda), futhi uyasinda izimo - abiotic, biotic futhi yabantu - ke ngokufanele ofanele. Habitat emele taxon ethile sokuxazulula endaweni imingcele ecacile uyophinde khona khona izimo ezifanele. Phela, kukhona zonke izimfanelo for ukuchuma ethize amagciwane, izitshalo noma izilwane.

Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi okuqhubekayo, uma uhlobo abahlala yonke indawo ukuthi kufanelekile endaweni yazo, noma uhlangana njalo ensimini yayo eqondile. Ngezinye izikhathi izinto eziphilayo zingaba axazulule ezindaweni ahlukene emngceleni insimu ethile noma amanzi, ukwakha okuthiwa esiqhingini indawo. Uma indawo yemvelo kuhlukaniswe eziningana unconnected ngendlela yokuthi kufuduka isilwane kanye exchange of imbewu noma ezinhlamvu ezitshalweni akunakwenzeka, khona-ke kubizwa ngokuthi ngakanye namkha disjunctive.

A sebhasi atochnye izindawo ezincane kakhulu kwendawo endaweni imikhaya lasendulo, izizukulwane nezinhlobo, okuyinto esikhathini esidlule matasa insimu enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi esifuze, isibonelo, ginkgo biloba noma imbewu. Sagovinikovye. Futhi, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, kuye ngokuthi lingakanani kungase basonta cosmopolitans okuthiwa, uma lisabalele, futhi sendawo uma incane.

Territory, uhlalwe uhlobo oluthile zezitshalo nezilwane, ngenxa kokungenela esebenzayo yomuntu iyakuhlushwa izinguquko, ngezinye izikhathi eziyoholela ekubhujisweni kwabo okuphelele. Nokho, uma kukhona ukubhujiswa yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ukuthi ababehlala kule ndawo, it is ugcwale abameleli entsha yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze ukufunda Izindawo ichaze imingcele. Ukuze wenze lokhu kumephu ukhombise izindawo lapho izilwane bukhoma noma izitshalo zikhule zinhlobo ethize, ezifana ingulule noma fir laseSiberia. yangokwesiko ezinjalo kusiza ukucacisa nokubekwa nezitshalo nezilwane imithombo, ukusabalala isitshalo izinambuzane ezweni ihlathi, zithwala isifo, nokunye. D.

On umbuzo ofanayo okungukuthi kwendawo zingaphendulwa ngendlela elandelayo: kuba indawo imingcele ecacile ngaphakathi okuyinto bajikeleza futhi sihamba umjikelezo ogcwele ekukhuleni taxon ethile. Organisms khona lapha ngenxa ukuhlobana okuseduze phakathi yizici zemvelo kanye nabanye abameleli yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.