Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: Biography iDemo izingane

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, Biography emfushane lapho uhlola lwezifundo - zofuzo abadumile, isazi sezitshalo Russian, isazi sokuma kwezwe, umsunguli isifundiso umsuka izitshalo kutshalwa lezisekelo begazi Ukukhetha, umqalisi kokudaliweyo isethi izikhungo ukucwaninga kwesayensi, Ngazalelwa eMoscow ngoNovemba 25, 1887. usosayensi Russian ukwenze banikela ngendlela ebalulekile isayensi, okuyinto waqaphela izazi zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke.

Passion izitshalo kusuka ebuntwaneni

Ubaba Nicholas - Ivan Ilyich - kuza ophuma emkhayeni ompofu, wayengumuntu yomthengisi inhlangano yesibili, futhi wahlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi. Ngaphambi inguquko kwaholela manufactory ifektri "Khipha Vavilov." Umama - Alexander M. - eyindodakazi umculi-womqophi Prohovskoy manufactory. Wonke umkhaya, zikhona izingane eziyisikhombisa, ezintathu washona eminyakeni yobungane. Lo mzalwane abasebasha usosayensi esizayo - uSergei Vavilov - wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe-physics, eyasungulwa ngo esikoleni Soviet yesayensi yokukhanya ngokomzimba, e 1945-1951 yena ephethwe Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Udade umdala ka-Aleksandru wakhetha indlela yezokwelapha, ekubeni umhleli eMoscow amanethiwekhi sanitary. Lydia - udade osemusha, wafunda ukuba samagciwane, ngesikhathi omunye uhambo wabanjwa ingxibongo , wafa. UNikolai Vavilov, Biography emfushane Kuyathakazelisa abayithandayo of akhe imisebenzi yesayensi, ngokungafani nezinye izingane, kusuka ebuntwaneni asithandayo yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene futhi ube ezifweni okusezingeni eliphezulu emikhakheni yesayensi yemvelo. Lokhu umdlalo neqhaza amabhuku ezingavamile, amabalazwe kanye herbarium owayenonembeza umtapo enkulu uyise, ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa zofuzo esizayo.

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: Biography iDemo izingane

Ngentando UNikolai Vavilov, uyise wabhalisa esikoleni kwezohwebo. Lapho liqedwa, ngo-1906, waba umfundi Institute of Agriculture (Namahlathi e-Faculty) e Moscow. 1908 kwaphawulwa umfundi uhambo ku Transcaucasia neNorth eCaucasus, lapho Vavilov N. I., Biography emfushane zazo ziyadingeka ukufunda lwezifundo, olwenziwa ucwaningo yendawo Botanical. Ngo-1910 kwenzeka imikhuba agronomical at Poltava esiteshini zokuhlola, Vavilov icala umsebenzi okunye elithelayo.

Ngesikhathi ucwaningo ngezinye propensity sikhungo emsebenzini ucwaningo wabonakaliswa Nicholas ngokuphindaphindiwe; umfundi zanikeza izinkulumo ku lozalo emhlabeni isitshalo futhi kokulinganisa Morphology, okwethulwa mqondo íze slug, kulimaze sifundazwe yokulima eMoscow. Ukuze lo msebenzi, Nikolai Vavilov waklonyeliswa eMoscow Polytechnic Museum. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, insizwa ethembisa ushiywe UKULUNGISELELA professorship ngesikhathi uMnyango wezoLimo nokuThuthukiswa sizimisele zizalela esiteshini lesikhungo, lapho umfundi waqala ukutadisha eduze kutshalwa izitshalo amasosha omzimba ukuba nesikhunta, izimuncagazi. Parallel kule, Nikolay Ivanovich wafundisa e-Institute for Women and Agriculture.

Ukujwayeleka nakho zaseYurophu

Kusukela 1911 kuya 1912 ayenakho internship wakhe eSt Petersburg, injongo okwakukhona more ngokujulile isingeniso geography okusanhlamvu kutshalwa, ukufunda ngezindlela zazo futhi isifo, futhi ngo-1913 - uhambo phesheya ukuthi baqede imfundo yabo. EJalimane, Nikolai Ivanovich wasebenza isikhathi esithile endaweni German sefilosofi laboratory kanye semvelo Ernsta Gekkelya, eFrance bajwayelane impumelelo ezintsha zokuzalanisa imbewu eNgilandi, olwaluholwa uProfesa William Bateson (Enye zofuzo esikhulu kunazo zonke ngaleso sikhathi), okuyinto Vavilov kubhekwa uthisha wakhe, watadisha ukuzinza ezifweni okusanhlamvu. IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ombangela isabelo uphazamisa, futhi UNikolai kwadingeka abuyele eMoscow, lapho aqhubeka khona nomsebenzi wakhe cwaningo zezitshalo amasosha omzimba, ucwaningo kuyo wedolobha ibhangqwe UProfesa Zhegalovym S. I.

Kungani wafa ePheresiya amasosha Russian?

Ngo-1916, uNikolai Vavilov wathola iziqu zeMasters ngemva ngempumelelo edlulisa izivivinyo; esikhathini esifanayo, akhululwe enkonzweni yezempi ngenxa isici obonayo (kokulinyazwa iso ebuntwaneni) wangenisa wokuba umeluleki ngezindaba uyaca iziyaluyalu ePheresiya amasosha Russian. Imbangela yale isifo wakwazi ukubonisa Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich. Umlando iDemo izingane 2 uchaza ikilasi ukuthi wangena ufulawa izingcezu cockle imbewu ukhunta Stromantinia temulenta, ukukhiqiza izinto ezingabanga ushevu kumuntu - i temulin alkaloid. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi isinyathelo sakhe sasifana nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuquleka, ukozela, nesiyezi; kwakukhona ukuthi kungenzeka ukufa. Inkinga yaxazululeka by ovimba ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yendawo; hlinzeka ukudiliva waqala eRussia.

Ngemva kokuthola imvume yokuqhuba kobuholi ezempi bomkhankaso, Vavilov esengena Iran, ngokubeka ngenhloso ukuhlola amasampula okusanhlamvu wendawo. Ukutshala imbewu eNgilandi Persian kakolweni uNikolai wazama ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuthelela wakhe nge powdery isikhutha ngokusebenzisa nitrogen Umanyolo ngisho ebangela izifo. Yonke imizamo ayiphumelelanga, lapho ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi amasosha omzimba izitshalo kuyinto encike ngqo kwi isimo owaqalwa zilwane. Kwakuphakathi nalesikhathi eviyweni, Nikolai Ivanovich uvele kucatshangwa ukuthi imithetho ukushintshashintsha zofuzo.

umsebenzi impumelelo

1917 kwaphawulwa ukhetho Vavilov sika abasizi yoMnyango of Applied Botany ngesikhathi izincomo Regel R. E. Akekho ososayensi owayesebenza kwi amasosha omzimba isitshalo, babengakwazi eza isihloko ukuvulwa seduze kangaka ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokugcwele ukugqamisa daba, njengoba kwenza Vavilov, uNikolai Ivanovich. Umlando iDemo izingane lisitshela ukuthi ngo-1917 usosayensi kuhanjiswe ku Saratov lapho ngaleso Izifundo Ephakeme wezoLimo ephethwe uMnyango zizalela, izakhi zofuzo kanye nokulima yangasese. Ngenxa onguprofesa Namahlathi e-Faculty kusuka 1917 kuya 1921 e Saratov University, Vavilov parallel izinkulumo wabe isifundo yokulinga amasosha omzimba izitshalo. Waba yini umphumela walesi umsebenzi omkhulu, okubandakanya ekutadisheni abangamakhulu amaningana izinhlobo kakolweni kanye oats, ukuhlaziywa mzimba izinhlobo kanye susceptibility yabo ukuze isifo, ukuze uveze amakhono yokwakheka, phathelana eshicilelwe ngo-1919 I wokulandisa "The amasosha omzimba izitshalo ezifweni ezithathelwanayo."

Ngo-1920, i- usosayensi odumile wenza isethulo mayelana nomthetho esikhathini kokuhlukana kwezakhi uchungechunge homologous kuya Okwesithathu Zonke-Russia Congress, Organising Committee yena uyaphi. Umbiko isibe umcimbi elikhulu emhlabeni yesayensi yemvelo, futhi Yamukelwa ngezandla ezifudumele umphakathi kwesayensi.

Ukuhlolwa, ucwaningo, impumelelo

Ngo-1920, ngemva kokukhethwa esikhundleni sokuba inhloko yoMnyango of Applied Botany futhi Ukukhethwa, uNikolai Vavilov, Biography iDemo elichazwa izincwadi eziningi, wathuthela Petrograd, lapho eqala ngendlela enkulu ukuqhuba imisebenzi yesayensi. Inhloko yenhlangano, ekugcineni uqambe Zonke-Union Institute of Plant Vavilov wahlala kuze kube sekupheleni 1940. Bekanye AA Yachevskim Nikolay Ivanovich wathunyelwa e-United States lapho okuxoxiswene supply imbewu, behlola ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezindaweni okusanhlamvu-elikhulayo US izindawo. Endleleni usosayensi wavakashela Belgium, eHolland, France, Sweden, eNgilandi, lapho yazenzela emihlanganweni eminingana nge ososayensi, wahlangana iziteshi zizalela kanye laboratories zocwaningo, esungulwe uxhumo olusha futhi wahlela ukuthengwa imishini yesayensi, izincwadi kanye eliphezulu imbewu.

1923 kwaphawulwa Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova ukhetho njengoba Umqondisi we State Isikhungo kokulinganisa Namahlathi e. Ngesikhathi isinyathelo we usosayensi e-20s inqwaba iziteshi ucwaningo, ukutadisha futhi uhlangabezana elithile ngezinqubo ezihlukahlukene izitshalo ewusizo sidalwe ezihlukahlukene izimo zezulu nomhlabathi wase-USSR.

Banikela ngendlela ebalulekile isayensi

Biography Vavilova Nikolaya Ivanovicha kuhlobene eduze mikhankaso yesayensi, ukusebenza kusukela 1924 kuya ku-1929. Lena Afghanistan, e-Afrika, eMediterranean, Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ososayensi ozozengeza eqoqweni imbewu (phakathi nezinkulungwane amasampula), futhi zaveza izikhungo cwaningo izitshalo ezikhulayo.

Ngo-1927, umbiko omuhle "ucwaningo Geographical ukutadisha kokuhlukana izitshalo kutshalwa eU.SSR", okuyinto UNikolai Ivanovich wenza eRoma engqungqutheleni wezazi yezolimo, ososayensi baklonyeliswa Gold Medal, futhi le Ngqungquthela wanquma ukusebenzisa athuthukile Vavilov uhlelo izitshalo womhlaba jikelele.

UNikolai Vavilov Umkhaya

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, Biography iDemo ositshela kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe okukhulu emhlabeni yesayensi, useke washada kabili. unkosikazi Okokuqala kwaba Ekaterina Nikolaevna usosayensi Sakharov, nalabo abashada nabantabakhe nabo wazala indodana, u-Oleg. Washona ngemva kweminyaka engu-28 ubudala eCaucasus at rock ekhuphuka. unkosikazi wesibili - Doctor of Lekhaya, isazi Elena Barulin ngawo UNikolai ajwayelekile kusukela ngesikhathi abafundi bakhe (1918); Intombazane esencane abathintekayo inhlahla eziningi umeluleki wakhe (kufaka phakathi uhambo engxenyeni eningizimu-nempumalanga ye-Russia), ukubhala izihloko, encwadini Vavilov ku izitshalo ensimini. Umkhaya Elena Ivanovna futhi uNikolay wadala ngo-1926. Kule umshado wazalwa Yuri Vavilov, owaba udokotela physical sciences ne-zezibalo oyisazi enuzi kanye kwenza lukhulu ukucinga ulwazi mayelana uyise encwadini yabo.

Ngenxa yokudalwa kwendawo Vavilov Institute for Fruit Growing, yemifino kanye amazambane wemboni, izitshalo nakwezifudumele, viticulture, ifolishi, imithi futhi elimnandi - engaphezu kwekhulu izikhungo yesayensi. Ngo-1930, uNikolai Vavilov ephethwe elabhorethri Leningrad zofuzo-USSR Academy, ngo-1931 - All-Union Geographical Society.

Lokuboshwa ukumangalela okungamanga

Kuphumelele umsebenzi ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova haunted kuye nomona, owabhala incwadi ukuze Stalin nokumangalelwa kwezombangazwe, okwakusho ukuthi icala Vavilov todvwa kusukela ezolimo yangempela sola, ukungabi nasimilo nezombusazwe Vavilov akazange ukuhlukanisa yezitha amandla Soviet kweqiniso. ukuziphatha Parallel ukushushiswa zomphakathi nakomagazini. Kusukela ngo-1934, uNikolai Ivanovich wawuvinjelwe kusukela phesheya, umsebenzi wakhe utholakala azingigculisanga.

Vavilov waboshwa ngo-Agasti 1940, icala imisebenzi esiphikisayo wamavukelambuso. Ngo-1941, usosayensi enikwa isigwebo sokufa; lomusho eyabuyiselwa 1942 ngomusho engu-20. UNikolai Ivanovich washonela esibhedlela ejele Saratov, owayesegule kuzibopho nenyumoniya yakhe, uhudo; ngonyaka odlule zokuphila ukuhlupheka sokuwohloka. Ukufa kwabangelwa ekuncipheni umsebenzi inhliziyo. Kwakhe usosayensi Russian ukuthi avuselelwa ngo-1955: bonke, kepha la macala bhila iqiniso. Buried Vavilov, uNikolai Ivanovich, Biography emfushane ozithandayo inqwaba abayithandayo wakhe, ithuna elivamile, nezinye iziboshwa.