Imithombo komthetho wamaRoma.

Imithombo emidala kakhulu esekhona ongumRoma umthetho - imithetho ekhishwe amakhosi wamaRoma. Omunye wemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu isikhathi kubhekwe ukuba loMzimba Nambili Amathebula. Lokhu mlando idokhumenti ososayensi ubheke phakathi BC V leminyaka. e. ngokucacile Nakuba komthetho wamaRoma wayekade ehlukanisiwe nemfundiso yenkolo.

Ngonyaka 367 BC. e. Tsivil Tseks wakhipha umthetho yethulwa sesimweni ezifana Praetor. Praetor akhethwe ngonyaka, futhi ababezobhapathizwa okuthunyelwe Iningi bamabutho izimemezelo. Umuntu okhethelwe ukuba isikhundla Praetor, kungenzeka, kwaze kwaba sezingeni elidingekayo ukuze kudle yemithetho kanye ngokuzikhethela kwayo okugcwele ukwamukela imithetho ephelelwe yisikhathi lingahambisani izidingo owayephila ngesikhathi umphakathi.

Isisho ezifana "imithombo yomthetho waseRoma", kungasetshenziswa ukuze ubheke ulwazi kanye ilungelo umthombo isikhathi. Le mithombo ihlanganisa amadokhumenti umyalelo zomthetho, isibonelo, odifikatsiya enyatheliswa uMbusi uJustinian, kanye imisebenzi abameli, futhi ikakhulukazi imisebenzi Izazi-mlando zamaRoma: uTacitus, Ammianus Marcellinus, Livy. Futhi of interest kakhulu isayensi kukhona emithonjeni efana yomthetho waseRoma njengoba izikhulumi isebenza, abalobi nezazi zefilosofi zasendulo.

Mbo obalulekile isifundo yomthetho waseRoma kuthiwa ngasinda umbhalo itshe, ukhuni neyethusi ( "etafuleni Herakleian"), ezindongeni zezakhiwo (imibhalo eqoshiwe atholakala lapho bemba yasePompeii), njalo njalo. D. Njengoba nengxenye kwekhulu XIX yesibili. lathola imibhalo okungakaziwa waqala ukusakaza ukushicilelwa «Corpus inscriptionum latinarum», kuhlanganiswe futhi ukuhlanganisa izincwadi zomlando. Imithombo yomthetho waseRoma abangu uzifunde ngokucophelela, futhi ngenxa yomthetho waseRoma kwakheka ngesisekelo komthetho we-civil emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kungokwemvelo ukuthi imithombo bakhe baye baba izisulu zokuhlasela ezofundwa jurists yesikhathi.

Umthombo endala komthetho eRoma ubhekwa iqoqo amasiko lwezomthetho kanye nenkambiso. Imfundiso yesimanje komthetho, igama elithi "practice zomthetho" ukuqonda imithetho yokuziphatha, eyasungulwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo isikhathi eside futhi obonwa kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi njengoba umthetho kuphoqelekile zonke.

Izici ezingenhla Kuphinde sici ngokwezifiso zomthetho eRoma yasendulo. Adumile aseRoma Yurist Yulian wakhuluma ukulinganiselwa kwesicelo wesiko jikelele nemvume buthule uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza.

Kwezinkambiso yomthetho waseRoma kuhlanganisiwe emasikweni okhokho babo; umkhuba evamile; amasiko ngabapristi; imikhuba eziye asethuthukile umkhuba izimantshi. Umtsetfo wesintfu, obabukhona eRoma esikhathini kombuso, ubheke elithi «consuetude».

ERoma, lo mthetho ezivamile isikhathi eside ukudlala indima ebalulekile ukukhokhela nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Amasiko lwezomthetho kanye nenkambiso obonwa kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi belingana imithetho.

Ngaphezu komthetho wesiko esikhathini sasendulo imithetho esetshenziswa njengoba umthombo umthetho zomphakathi wamaRoma. Ekuqaleni, imithetho enjalo baye izenzo ezehlukene zomthetho, okuye ngokwesiko wamukela imihlangano yomphakathi kanye evunywe iSigele.

Lapho yesikhathi esisodwa co-ukhona ezingokomthetho nemithetho emphakathini, nawu umbuzo kanjani ukuba sikuqonde ngasinye salezi imithombo yomthetho waseRoma?

Izakhamuzi eRoma lasendulo kungaba Akungabazeki ukuthi yimuphi umthetho angase ochithiwe ngokwezifiso zomthetho. Abameli wesikhathi ayekholelwa nawukuthi indawo isicelo isikhathi eside umkhuba lomthetho kungahle, uma kunesidingo, kucitsa umthetho.

Imithombo yomthetho waseRoma ezingaphathelene nomsebenzi uhlolisisa-mlando zanamuhla, futhi ucwaningo lwabo uthathé isikali eside isikhathi igatsha ehlukene isayensi.