"Izinyoka kaFaro": ukujabulisa kwamakhemikhali. Indlela yokwenza "izinyoka kaFaro" ekhaya?

Kwabaningi-chemistry amakilasi isicefe langempela. Kodwa uma wazi okuthile ngale nto, ungachitha okuhlangenwe nakho bezijabulisa futhi bayawujabulela. Futhi othisha abakwazi ubuhlungu ukuvusa isithakazelo abafundi bakhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuhambisana kahle lo okuthiwa izinyoka kaFaro.

Umsuka kwegama

Okuphawulekayo ukuthi leli gama livelaphi "izinyoka kaFaro," akekho owaziyo, kodwa Times izenzakalo wakhe waseBhayibhelini. Ukuze uFaro, uMprofethi uMose umxhwele, ngeseluleko kuJehova; juba akhe phansi, futhi yaphenduka inyoka. Kwake kwathi ngo-ezandleni kuqokwa, silwane waba abasebenzi futhi. Nakuba empeleni phakathi kanjani lezi etholwe ucwaningo, kanye nemicimbi waseBhayibhelini abanalutho abajwayelene ngakho.

Uma sisusela kulokho ungathola, "izinyoka kaFaro"

Indaba ezijwayeleke kakhulu izinyoka kuyinto mercury thiocyanate. Nokho, ucwaningo nabo kungaba kwenziwe kuphela kahle kwamakhemikhali laboratory. Ingqikithi kuyinto enobuthi futhi iphunga nochuku ukumelana. A "inyoka kaFaro" ekhaya kungadalwa aphume amaphilisi, ezidayiswa kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi ngaphandle kadokotela, noma umanyolo ovela esitolo sezinto zokwakha. Ukuze ucwaningo usebenzisa i-calcium gluconate, methenamine, soda, ushukela oluyimpuphu, saltpetre futhi izinto eziningi angathengwa ekhemisi noma esitolo.

"Snakes" amaphilisi equkethe sulfonamides

Indlela elula ukuchitha ikhaya isipiliyoni "izinyoka kaFaro" kusukela okwelapha izidakamizwa sulfa iqembu. Lokhu kusho ezifana "Streptocide", "Biseptol", "Sulfadimezin", "Sulfadimetoksin" nabanye. Le mithi kufanele endlini cishe wonke umuntu. "Izinyoka kaFaro" ka sulfonamides etholwe shiny grey isakhiwo ziyafana izinti corn. Uma ngokucophelela sithathe ngocingo noma esebenzisa "ekhanda" inyoka, ungakwazi ukuyikhipha elilodwa thebhulethi silwane ngokwanele eside.

Ukuze ukuqhuba ucwaningo kwamakhemikhali "inyoka uFaro" kudingeka sikaphalafini noma fuel ezomile kanye nezidakamizwa oshiwo ngenhla. amaphilisi eziningana zibekwe phezu utshwala ezomile, okuyinto luvutha. Phakathi ukuphendula kuhlanganisa izinto ezifana nitrogen, i-sulphur dioxide, i-hydrogen sulfide ne umhwamuko. Ifomula ukuphendula simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

C ₁₁ H ₁₂ N ₄ O ₂ S + 7O ₂ = 28C + 2H ₂ S ↑ + 2SO ₂ ↑ + 8N ₂ ↑ + 18h ₂ O

Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba dioxide sulphur kakhulu anobuthi, kanye-hydrogen sulfide. Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho indlela pholisa igumbi ngesikhathi sokuhlola, noma ukufaka hood, kungcono ukukwenza emgwaqeni noma endaweni yokugeza wahlomisa ngokukhethekile.

"Snakes"-calcium gluconate

Kungcono ukuqhuba ucwaningo walabo izinto okuyinto ziphephile, ngisho noma zisetshenziselwa ngaphandle elabhorethri wahlomisa ngokukhethekile. "Inyoka uFaro"-calcium gluconate etholwe nje.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha amaphilisi 2-3 zomuthi kanye iqhuzu fuel ezomile. Ngaphansi kwethonya ukusabela ilangabi iqala, futhi esuka kwi-tablet aqala grey "inyoka". ucwaningo okunjalo calcium gluconate ziphephile kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo kuwufanele qaphela ekuziphatheni nasebuntwini babo. Chemical ukuphendula ifomula simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

C ₁₂ H _{22 14} Cao + O2 = 10c + 2CO ₂ ↑ + Cao + 11H ₂ O

Njengoba singabona, ukusabela kwenzeka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo yamanzi, carbon dioxide, i-carbon ne-calcium oxide. Kubangela igesi kwemvelo nokukhula. "Izinyoka kaFaro" zisemaphepheni kufika ku-15 amasentimitha, kodwa buhlala isikhashana. Uma uzama ukuthatha kubo ngesandla, ihlukana.

"Inyoka uFaro" - indlela yokwenza Umanyolo?

Uma une ingadi yemifino ngesakhiwo noma cottage, qiniseka kukhona umquba ezahlukene. Okuvame kakhulu, okuyinto ingatholakala ithala futhi iyiphi ehlobo umhlali umlimi - nitrate noma ammonium nitrate. Ukuze sithole edingekayo sifted emfuleni isihlabathi, isigamu isipuni ammonium nitrate, kwengxenye isipuni ushukela oluyimpuphu, a spoon ethanol.

Kuyadingeka entabeni isihlabathi ukwenza ekhosombeni. I emikhulu ububanzi, ama-mkhulu kuyoba "inyoka". Awu wagcoba inhlanganisela ammonium nitrate kanye noshukela batheleka ekhosombeni futhi kugcwele ETHYL utshwala. utshwala luvutha Khona-ke, kancane kancane kwakheka "inyoka".

Ukusabela kulesi simo senzeka ngendlela elandelayo:

2NH ₄ NO ₃ + C ₁₂ H ₂₂ O ₁₁ = 11C + 2N ₂ + CO ₂ + 15H ₂ O.

Ekushayweni ezinobuthi ekuhlolweni isebenzisa owayo nokuvikeleka imiklamo.

"Inyoka uFaro" ukudla

"Izinyoka kaFaro" etholakala kuphela imithi noma umquba. Ukuze ukuhlola, ungasebenzisa imikhiqizo efana ushukela soda. izingxenye ezinjalo zikhona kunoma iyiphi ikhishi. Kusukela emfuleni isihlabathi kwakhiwa amagquma is nge ikhefu futhi ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali utshwala. Ushukela kanye baking soda yahlanganiswa endaweni isilinganiso 4: 1, futhi batheleka ekhosombeni. Utshwala ephakamayo.

Ingxube iqala ukungcolisa futhi azihlanganise kancane. Lapho utshwala kuyinto cishe iyeke bashise, isihlabathi aqala ezimbalwa "ezihuquzelayo" crinkly. Ukusabela simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

2NaHCO ₃ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + H ₂ O + CO _2,

C ₂ H ₅ OH + 3o ₂ = 2CO ₂ + 3H ₂ O

Ingxube u ukubola zibe sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide futhi umhwamuko. It amagesi bephoqeleka ukuba sikhukhumale sikhule soda umlotha, okuyinto asiqediwe ngesikhathi yokusabela.

Enye "silwane" kusukela amaphilisi

Yinye indlela elula ukuze uthole "inyoka kaFaro" lo izidakamizwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu uzodinga ukuthenga umuthi ekhemisi "Urotropin". Kunalokho amaphilisi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ezomile, ehlanganisa into. Kusadingeka isixazululo ammonium nitrate. Umuthi 'Urotropin "kubalulekile impregnate kubo. Nokho, umuntu angabona ngokushesha ozofakwa indaba kokuqala lonke isixazululo, Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba wengeza amaconsi ambalwa yomiswa. Ngakho omiswe okufanele kwenzeke emazingeni okushisa okuvamile.

Ngemva kwalokho ithebhulethi luvutha. Umphumela ngisho a "inyoka" ngokuthi "udrako". Nokho, uma ubheka, kungcono ngomuzwa ofanayo, "izinyoka sikaFaro." Kodwa ngenxa izakhiwo yezingxenye Usabela eyingqabavu ngaphezulu okuphumela ekwakhiweni emkhiwa ngobuningi.

"Inyoka" mercury thiocyanate

Ngokokuqala ngqá nakho chemical: "UFaro inyoka" asisesona ubudokotela e-1820. Fridrih Veler isixazululo okuxubile mercurous nitrate ammonium thiocyanate futhi kwaba mhlophe crystalline kwenze. I kwaphumela mercury thiocyanate pellet omisiwe futhi umlilo umfundi nje ilukuluku. Kusukela ekuqaleni ukukhasa aphume impahla evutha omnyama ophuzi inyoka mass.

"Izinyoka kaFaro" mercury thiocyanate etholwe nje. Ingqikithi kuyadingeka ukuze umlilo surface ukushisa ukumelana. Kulandele yokusabela:

2Hg (i-NCS) ₂ = 2HgS + C ₃ N ₄ + CS ₂

CS ₂ + 3o ₂ = CO ₂ + 2SO ₂

Ngaphansi kwethonya yokubola ezishisayo mercury thiocyanate mercury sulfide (unika "silwane" omnyama), carbon nitride (obhekene ophuzi coloration izinyoka) ne-carbon disulfide (carbon disulfide). flare Kugcine futhi lihlukaniseka igesi - carbon oxide igesi nesibabule, okungukufa unwetshiwe carbon nitride. Yena, ithumba sulphide mercury kanye okuholela black-yellow "izinyoka sikaFaro."

Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho neze kungenzeki ukuba afeze ekhaya! Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile isisi esinobuthi, mercury umusi ikhishwe. Mercury kuyinto anobuthi ngokwalo kanye ingabangela chemical ubuthi.

Ezokuphepha ucwaningo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi izinto ezingase vela, "izinyoka kaFaro", ezibhekwa ephephile, ucwaningo kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Njengoba ungase ubone amafomula ngenhla, yokubola izingxenye anobuthi ivelele ngokwanele, okungase kuholele ekubeni uthunyelelwe ubuthi ezinzima. Konke ukucwaningwa kungaba kwenziwe ekhaya kuphela endaweni umoya noma zinikezwe ephezulu amandla isizinda. Ufundza kusebentisa mercury thiocyanate kungenziwa kuphela laboratories wahlomisa ngokukhethekile, kuhambisana zonke iziqondiso zokuphepha.

Ekuphetheni, singasho ukuthi, uchitha emisebenzi chemical isipiliyoni, "izinyoka kaFaro," lo mfundisi wanikeza onentshisekelo abafundi njengoba isihloko yayo. Isifundo kungenzeka nesithakazelo, ngisho nalabo abaqondi futhi ungathandi kwamakhemikhali. Futhi labo abakhetha ukuzijayeza esikhundleni izibalo isidina theory, kuyodingeka isisusa olwengeziwe ekutadisheni isayensi.