Bekkerel Anri oyisazi French: Biography, ukuvulwa

Ingabe uyazi ukuthi ubani wathola radioactivity? Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ososayensi abangabakhe le mpumelelo. Henri Becquerel - physics French umklomelo kaNobel. Nguye ngo-1896 wathola radioactivity ka-uranium nosawoti.

Usosayensi umsuka

Bekkerel Anri wazalwa ngo-December 15, 1852, eParis, indlu Cuvier sika, neyayingaphansi National Museum of Natural History. Nale endlini kwakuhlangene ukuphila ilungu lwamakhosi elikhazimulayo Becquerel ngamunye. Umkhulu usosayensi esizayo, Antuan Sezar Becquerel (iminyaka yokuphila - 1788-1878), waba yilungu lokuqala Paris Academy of Sciences, futhi kusukela ngo-1838 - umengameli wayo. Amaminerali, wabathwala, kukhona laziwe kabanzi. Ikakhulukazi, wafundiswa kazibuthe zabo, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, mechanical kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Indlu has iqoqo eliyingqayizivele amasampula, okuyinto kudlale indima enkulu empilweni Aleksandra Edmonda Becquerel, indodana Antuana Sezara. Le ndoda (ukuphila iminyaka - 1820-1891) naye wafundelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena waba ilungu Paris Academy of Sciences futhi baba umengameli wayo ngo-1880. Njengoyise Anri Bekkerelya wayengumuntu onguprofesa wezinto zemvelo futhi wakhonza njengephayona Umqondisi we-National Museum of Natural History.

I izifundo lokuqala Henri

Lapho uHenry 18, waqala ukusiza uyise ezifundweni zakhe futhi baba umsizi wakhe. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho wahlakulela isithakazelo izinkinga izithombe phosphorescence, okuyinto wahlala Becquerel ukuphila. Lesi sithakazelo eliyifa Antuan Anri, indodana yakhe. Incwadi Anri Bekkerelya "Ukukhanya, nezimbangela zayo nezenzo" elaba bhukulwazi for Antoine.

Antuan Sezar, umkhulu iqhawe lethu, ulinakile kakhulu imfundo umzukulu wakhe. Lo mfana kusukela esemncane wawuyinto avunyelwe Antoine, ababengakholelwa ukubona amakhono akhe avelele, usacabanga ukuthi uzokuya kude.

WezeMfundo Lyceum kanye ecole Polytechnique

Isibhakabhaka ezazikhona endlini Cuvier, waba nesandla ekwakhiweni ejulile futhi sina isithakazelo Henri physics. Boy ekhonjwe Lyceum Louis Legrand. Kulesi sikhungo, kufanele kuphawulwe, ukuthi waba nenhlanhla lapho nabafundisi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-19, ngo-1872, Bekkerel Anri kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Wabe eseqhubeka izifundo zakhe at the ecole Polytechnique. Kusukela onyakeni wokuqala we-insizwa ethile iqala ukubonisa ngenkuthalo afeze ucwaningo lwazo. Ngemva kwalokho atholwe ngalesi sikhathi amakhono zokuhlola iyasiza.

Le nhlekelele ekuphileni kwakhe siqu, emphakathini kokuqala

Ngemva kokuphothula kusukela uHenry kwaqala inkathi yeminyaka engu-3 yesevisi e-Institute of Communications, lapho kwenziwe umsebenzi wobunjiniyela. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, washada indodakazi onguprofesa wezinto zemvelo. Intombazane okuthiwa Lyusi Zhamen. Wahlangana naye emuva eminyakeni lyceum. Nokho, fortune umndeni usosayensi yaba ngeyesikhashana. Bekkerel Anri washonelwa umkakhe othandekayo, owakhandleka kakhulu nje neminyaka engu-20 ubudala. Walishiya Jean amadodana asanda kuzalwa.

Isayensi iye yasiza uHenry ukuze basinde kulesi ukulahlekelwa. Usosayensi bazicwilise ezifundweni zabo. Ngo 1875 lwalumumethe emphakathini kokuqala Anri Bekkerelya (in the "Journal de physics"). Isihloko sakhe sibonwe kanye nososayensi oneminyaka engu-24 ubudala ebuzwa ukuthi ukuba abe umfundisi at the ecole Polytechnique. Kulesi sikole iminyaka engu-20 kamuva, wayesefile kakade uprofesa.

Ukusebenza uyise, ocwaningeni yakhe zobudokotela

Bekkerel Anri ngo-1878, ngaqala ukusebenza e-Museum of Natural History, lapho eseneminyaka umsizi kuyise. Ngokuvamile isihloko imisebenzi yabo ke kuye kwahlotshaniswa ndawo, futhi magneto-optical crystal yokukhanya. Ikakhulu, i-abacwaningi kwenziwe ucwaningo ezithakazelisayo ukuthi indiza uzungeza e kazibuthe, le nokwehlukana ukukhanya. Kuyinto mkhuba ukwazi wathola Maykl Faradey. Nsuku zonke, ukubukela intuthuko yendodana yakhe, ngubani kwakuvele kwaziwa njengoba experimenter kakhulu lapho uyise kaHenry kwaba uyaziqhenya ngaye. Henri Becquerel ngo-1888 ethulwa mqondo yakhe zobudokotela eSorbonne. Lo msebenzi kwakumelwe phambili izifundo likayise noyisemkhulu, kanye umphumela eyishumi imisebenzi lembhali. Kuye kabanzi adunyiswe.

umsebenzi Scientific umshado entsha

Anri Bekkerel ngonyaka kamuva owaba ilungu Paris Academy of Sciences. Wamiswa uNobhala lokwehlukaniswa ngokomzimba. iminyaka engu-3 kamuva, uHenry kakade onguprofesa National Museum of Natural History. umshado wakhe wesibili, engu-14 ngemva sobufelokazi, libhekisela esifanayo.

Ukutholakala ezibalulekile ezenziwe ngephutha

Uma bekungelona intando kunjalo, siyobe senza ngokuphambene wakhumbula ukuthi usosayensi kuphela njengoba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza futhi experimenter onekhono, kodwa hhayi okunye. Nokho, kwaba khona umcimbi kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyinto ngiyabonga kuye yaziwa umhlaba wonke Anri Bekkerel. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo le usosayensi baningi, kodwa ezithakazelisa kakhulu, mhlawumbe, ngenxa yokuthi wathola radioactivity.

1 Mashi Anri Bekkerel wafunda endaweni yakhe yokucwaninga luminescence ka-uranium nosawoti. Ukuba umsebenzi uphele, yaphenduka opaque futhi obukhulu black iphepha isampula (camera uranium usawoti ipuleti metal bafaniswe). Usosayensi ukubeka iphethini ebhokisini izingqimba enezithombe, elisesifundeni lokuzula wavala lokuzula. Ngemva kwesikhashana uHenry ngakhipha ibhokisi izingqimba lokushicilela. Wababonisa, cishe, kulandela umkhuba wakhe uhlole ngokucophelela zonke. Usosayensi yangirara, ngoba wathola ukuthi ngasizathu simbe babengazazi esikhanyayo. Henry wabona umfanekiso bafaniswe ipuleti metal ukuthi ngandlela-thile-manifest. Wayengaba kanjani ukukuchaza? Khanyisa ayikwazanga ukuthola phezu plate. Ngakho-ke, njengoba baqonda Becquerel, ezinye imisebe okubangelwa lo mphumela.

utadisha imisebe sitholwe Becquerel

Physicists kakade mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu imisebe eziholela blackening izingqimba enezithombe, futhi ayibonakali iso. Vele izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi uRöntgen wenza lokhu ayekutholile kwemilingo. Ukutholakala kwama-X ray - esinye sezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni-physics. Ngaleso sikhathi, wonk 'umuntu kwakumelwe ekhuluma ngaye. Mhlawumbe yilesi sizathu esenza lo mbiko wenza physics Anri Bekkerel Paris Academy of Sciences Mashi 2, 1896, kwamhlangabeza ngesithakazelo esikhulu. Usosayensi Meyi 12 wakhuluma ngazo intuba ephelele Museum of Natural History, phambi izihlwele. Bese watshela ngakho ngesikhathi Paris International Congress owawungo-August 1900. Ngalesi sikhathi, lowo wathola imisebe, iye yaqaphela ukuthi Kutholwe emisebeni - akuyona luminescence. Libuye ngokungafani nezinye izazi zesayensi ezidumile ngemisebe. Ngaphansi chemical noma ngokomzimba (ingcindezi, Ukushisa nokunye. D.) Amathonya ke aliguquki. Angikwazanga ukuphatha ukuthola ukwehla kakhulu. Kwakubonakala sengathi abanye mthombo ongashi obusuka le energy.

Ngaleso sikhathi kwakuvele kwaziwa ukuthi isenzo imisebe engabonakali sitholwe Becquerel, hhayi kuphela kuholela blackening izingqimba lokushicilela. Futhi ukukhiqiza kanye neminye imisebenzi, kuhlanganise begazi. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-umzimba zomuthi Becquerel, owayeneminyaka ephaketheni lakhe, kwakhiwa izilonda. Abazange ukuphulukisa isikhathi eside. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi baye baqala ukubeka izidakamizwa ebhokisini phambili.

Ngokubambisana M. futhi Pierre Curie

Phakathi kwalabo unesithakazelo Becquerel elathola lolu daba, kwakukhona nososayensi ovelele. Kufanele kuqashelwe Anri Puankare no D. I. Mendeleeva, ngubani ngokukhethekile efika eParis ukuthola umlobi wayo. Futhi phakathi lezi ososayensi babe umbhangqwana Marie Per Kyuri. Isithakazelo Curie iholele emiphumeleni ezibalulekile. Umlando kokutholakala radioactivity baqhubeka ukuthi okulandelayo watholakala out: kuvela, kuba esingokwemvelo, ngaphandle-uranium namanye izakhi zamakhemikhali, nakuba ntshashintshe. Ososayensi uqhubeka utadisha uhlobo ngokomzimba sitholwe Becquerel imisebe. Ngenxa yalokho, umphumela amandla uvulekele, ayedabuka ekonakaleni enemisebe, futhi radioactivity futhi abanye eyenga.

ukuqashelwa hola

I ezifezwayo Anri Bekkerelya wathola ukuqashelwa ewufanele. Usosayensi Samenyelwa iRoyal Society of London. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Paris Academy of Sciences ukhishwa uHenry zonke etholakalayo bese timphawu. Becquerel Agasti 8, 1900, eParis, ekhuluma International Congress of ngokomzimba, lapho ufunda umbiko main.

UMklomelo KaNobel

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3, yena yanikezelwa Nobel Peace Prize (kanye Maria Pierre Curie) Anri Bekkerel. Umlando wakhe ezithakazelisayo futhi iqiniso lokuthi lokhu usosayensi kwaba engumFulentshi lokuqala owakhuphula kaNobel indondo Paris. Curies, ngeshwa, babengakwazi eza ulithola eStockholm. Kubo Umklomelo kaNobel waklonyeliswa kungqongqoshe French.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

reception ngemdlandla, idumisa, ukuqashelwa international - konke lokhu balindelwe Anri Bekkerelya. Nokho, hhayi uye washintsha yokuphila. Usosayensi kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina wahlala ezinikele isayensi isisebenzi ethobekile. Anri Bekkerel, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo okwakukhona kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka isayensi, washona ngo-Le Croisic (Brittany) ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-55. Ukuze kuhlonishwe yakhe, okuthiwa asemigodini on Mars kanye Moon, kanye iyunithi radioactivity - BQ. Igama usosayensi likhona uhlu ososayensi enkulu isiFulentshi, esemgwaqweni esitezi sokuqala i-Eiffel Tower.

Isiphetho Jean Bekkereya

Kwaba onomsebenzi omuhle zezemfundo Zhana Bekkerelya. Wayengumuntu ozokwenza okufaneleko kuyise. Lokhu usosayensi Wabelethwa ngenyanga kaMhlolanja ngomhlaka 5, 1878, eParis, lapho yonke into ihamba Becquerel. Ukuphila kwakhe kwakuthakazelisa eside. Usosayensi wafa eneminyaka engu-75, njengoba ilungu Paris Academy of Sciences kanye physics esidumile.

ukukhishwa okusha

Njengazo zonke ngentuthuko ngokuyisisekelo ezintsha ezifana kuvulwa ubuchwepheshe energy esisindisa, lo ukuthola of radioactivity akuniké ososayensi hhayi nje izimpendulo. Iphinde emenza nezindaba ezintsha nezinselele ongakaze. Yini indlela esitholakala kwamazinyo enemisebe? Iziphi izenzo ukukhiqiza ray, futhi kungani? On mibuzo neminye ososayensi asinayo impendulo ngokugcwele.