Iyini ukugxila kokukhanya?

Uma ubheka isibhakabhaka ngosuku lwe-autumn elingenalutho, khona-ke isibhakabhaka esibhakabhaka esibhakabhaka ngeke sishiye noma ubani ongathandanga. Yini echaza lo mbala omangalisayo? Isizathu saso sisezici ezintathu - ukuguqulwa, ukusabalalisa nokwehlisa. Emsebenzini wanamuhla sizokhuluma ngalokho ukukhanya kokukhanya.

Ukukhanya kungenye yezinhlobo zemisebe ye-electromagnetic, ngakho-ke ichazwa ngumthombo wayo kanye nesiqondiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe mayelana nemvelo yayo emibili: kwesinye isimo, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, limelela umvuthwandaba, kanti kwenye into iyinhlayiya (photon). Ukwehliswa kokukhanya kungenye yezinto zanoma yimiphi imisebe ebangeni lobubanzi. Endabeni yokwehliswa komzimba, ukuchithwa kwezinhlayiya zokukhanya ezikhanyayo eziqondiswe emkhathini ojikelezayo kufinyelelwa endizeni efanayo. Ezinye izingxenye ziyanqunywa.

Indlela elula yokuqonda ngesibonelo ukuveza ukukhanya. Ake ucabange ngentambo ende, ekhonjiwe phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili. Intambo idlula nge-slot emibala epulatifheni yesihlangu. Uma manje iqoqwe kusuka ekupheleni komunye futhi amagagasi akhiwe, khona-ke bayothola ukuphela okuphambene kuphela uma bedalwa coaxially nge slot esivikelweni, isb. I-vertically. Uma uzama ukuhambisa intambo ngokuzenzekelayo (kwesobunxele ngakwesokudla), amagagasi azocinywa, angafinyeleli isihlangu, njengoba "engacindezeli" kulo lonke uhlangothi. Kulesi sibonelo, intambo iyimisebe ye-electromagnetic, isihlangu siyindlela ecacile (noma i-medium semitransparent), futhi ukugoqa yiyona ndawo ethile yendawo.

Njengoba ukukhanya kungumgogodla wamandla kagesi, kuxhomeke ku-vectors kagesi kanye ne-magnetic of tension. Zihlale zihambisana nomunye nomunye futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zakha indiza enemibandela ngokuphambene nemigqa yokusakazwa yomsakazo uqobo. Ngendlela, ukukhishwa kwe-circular ukukhanya kuvela esimweni lapho ama-vectors of induction magnetic kanye nendawo kagesi ejikeleza isixhumanisi nesiqondisi sesigxobo sokukhanya. Futhi, ngokudlidliza kwe -vector energy force vector endizeni efanayo, kuvela ingxube ye-electromagnetic ephazamise indiza. Igama laso lesibili, elibonisa inqubo efanayo "lihlehliswa ngokulinganayo."

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukukhishwa nge-athomu yokukhanya okulinganayo kuhlale kuphazamisekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-ampu elikhanyayo, ilanga, ikhandlela, i-flashlight, njll, akuphefumulwanga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisebe iphuma emanzini amaningi e-athomu lapho i-polarization ihlukile. Ngakho-ke, ukugeleza okuphelele kulahlekelwa ukugxila. Ukumiswa kokukhanya kuxhomeke kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwento noma ukuhlelwa kwama-athomu ku- crystal lattice (ngokweziqongo, isibonelo, ama-crystal avela). Ngendlela, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngama-crystals futhi ngemva kwalokho ososayensi banakekele imithombo yegaseous (umkhathi). Akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi ukugqama kokukhanya kubuye kuxhomeke endaweni yombukeli (inzwa, i-photocell, njll). Ngakho-ke, nge-angle ekhulayo phakathi kokuqondisa kokukhanya okuvela emthonjeni kanye ne-vector ebonisa ukuqondiswa komugqa wokubona, ukukhuliswa kwemithi kuyanda. Uma izikhombisi-ndlela zihambisana, ke ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlelekile akukho polarization.

Kukhona futhi inketho yesithathu - umfudlana wokukhanya owenzelwe kancane. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kwenzeka lapho insimu kagesi noma ukuchithwa kwe-induction magnetic kubangelwa (i-vectors yabo).

Iqiniso elidinga ukwazi: iso lomuntu lihlukanisa kalula ubude besikhathi (ubuciko bokukhanya) nokuqina, kodwa ukubhaliswa kokumiswa kwemisebenzi kuyatholakala ngokungaqondile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinambuzane eziningi ezinamehlo ahlukanisa ngokuphelele ukugqama kwegagasi. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kubasiza ukuba bahambe.