Amehlo isici: uyini umehluko kusuka abavamile?

Ngo ukuvela ezinye izilwane avele amathuluzi ngempela eyinkimbinkimbi optical. Lezi ngokuqinisekile ihlanganisa iso isici. Bona akhiwa izinambuzane kanye ezinamagobolondo, abanye eyisinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini isici amehlo elula, iziphi izici zako ezisemqoka? Sikhuluma ngalo impahla lanamuhla.

amehlo isici

Lolu hlelo optical, ukuskena, lapho kungekho-retina olulodwa. Futhi zonke receptor ezihlanganiswe retinula ezincane (s), ukwakha ungqimba ayizindunduma eliqukethe akukho eziyimpumelelo emsipheni ngaphezulu. Ngakho, iso yakhiwa sebuningini amayunithi ngabanye - ommatidium, ukuhlanganisa kulo lonke umbono uhlelo.

Amehlo isici esingokwemvelo kuya Ngokwesibonelo, izinambuzane, ezahlukene kusukela Binocular (esingokwemvelo kuhlanganise indoda) definition abampofu imininingwane emihle. Kodwa bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi oscillation ukukhanya (300 Hz) kanti abantu nokukhawulela amathuba - 50 Hz. Ulwelwesi lolu hlobo namanje iso has a isakhiwo ijabulise. Ngenxa yalokhu amehlo enezici awunawo izici kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona njengoba ezikude noma abone izinto eziseduze, awusebenzi kubo nomqondo yokuhlala.

Ezinye izici ze-isakhiwo kanye umbono

Izinambuzane eziningi izinhlaka umbono hlala ingxenye enkulu ekhanda, futhi empeleni namanje. Ngokwesibonelo, e-isici iso dragonfly aqukethe izinhlayiya 30,000, ukwakha isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Butterflies - 17,000 ommatidia, impukane - 4000, bee - 5. Isibalo aphansi izinhlayiya zentuthwane isisebenzi - izingcezu 100.

Binocular noma isici?

Uhlobo lokuqala umbono evumela ukuba ngiziqonde ivolumu lezinto, imininingwane yabo encane, ukuhlola ibanga lezinto futhi ilungiselelo abo maqondana nomunye. Nokho, stereopsis womuntu kungagcini engela 45 degrees. Uma udinga umbono more ephelele ukunyakaza inhlamvu yeso oqhubeka ezingeni reflex (noma siphendukela ikhanda lakhe emhlabeni eksisi). amehlo Compound ngesimo ama- ne ommatidia ake ubona okungokoqobo ezizungezile bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, ngaphandle ezinyakazayo amehlo akho noma ikhanda. Futhi isithombe ludlulele ngeso, sifana bahlanganisa isithombe: iyunithi isakhi isici ongayedwa ziqondakala iso, + futhi bebonke + banesibopho kabusha ukusungulwa isithombe esigcwele.

zinhlobo

Ommatidia unezici yokwakheka, okuholela ezahlukene kanye nezici zabo optical (isib ezahlukene isinambuzane). Ososayensi ukuchaza izinhlobo ezintathu-facets:

1. Okuphikisanayo. Ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwakwakhe amehlo abe izinambuzane emini. Lo mbala abangenalo izakhiwo esobala wabelane facets - izinhlayiya ukuthi eseduze. Futhi iso receptor ungakwazi kuphela ukuqonda ukukhanya kusukela e-eksisi coinciding ne ommatidium.
2. Optikosuperpozitsionnye. Ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwakwakhe amehlo abe ezinye ezinamagobolondo, kanye izinambuzane ebusuku futhi crepuscular. Lo mbala eziqukethwe iso, yanjalo lehlukanisa ommatidia ezihambayo, okwandisa nozwela izinhlaka embonweni izimo ongaphakeme ukukhanya.
3. Neyrosuperpozitsionnye. ommatidia abahlukahlukene wafingqa isignali ivela iphuzu elilodwa emkhathini.

By the way, izinhlobo ezithile isinambuzane ezinohlobo okuxubile zemizimba isici, futhi abaningi kodwa izincwadi esizifundayo, kukhona amehlo elula. Ngakho, ngo-fly, isibonelo, ezinhlangothini ikhanda ahlelwe abhanqiwe iziphathimandla isici kukhona mikhulu. Futhi phezu kwekhanda, kukhona amehlo ezintathu ezilula, enza imisebenzi asizayo. Inhlangano efanayo futhi izidumbu bee - okungukuthi, wonke amehlo amahlanu!

Abanye amehlo ezinamagobolondo kwakwakhe sengathi ehlezi ezithathekayo amaqhubu-umoba.

Futhi ezinye izilwane zasemhlabeni, inhlanzi futhi ine ezengeziwe (parietal) iso lapho ihlukanisa ukukhanya, kodwa kahle isihloko. Retin ke siqukethe kuphela amaseli bese receptor.

lesayensi nokuthuthuka Modern

Muva nje, faceted amehlo - isihloko cwaningo nenhlonipho lezazi. Phela, lezi zindikimba umbono, ngenxa yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu yokuqala, unikeze phansi ezintsha zesayensi kanye ukuhlola emhlabeni yokukhanya yesimanje. Izinzuzo main - umbono obanzi isikhala, ukuthuthukiswa veneers yokufakelwa, isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezincanyana compact, esikhoselweni ukubhekwa izinhlelo.