Umbono we-binocular njengenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi

Umbono we-binocular kuyinkimbinkimbi enzima, umphumela ongenzeka kuphela ngomsebenzi womabili womabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nemisipha ye-oculomotor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kubonakala umbono webinocular, i-cortex ye-cerebral, enikeza izimpawu ezidingekayo emisipha yomzimba, nezindlela ezibukwayo, iqhaza ngokuqondile. Ukubonakala kombono we-binocular kwenzeka lapho izithombe ezimbili zemi-monocular zihlangana zibe munye. Ngokwehlukana, iso lomuntu ngamunye ubona into ethize kusuka ezikhundleni eziningana ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, izithombe zento noma ngayinye emehlweni ngayinye zihlala zihlukumezeka ngokuhambisana nomunye nomunye. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "ukungafani". Kukhona umonakalo wokuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo, okubonakala ngombono we-binocular futhi kuyisisekelo sombono ojulile. Ngosizo leso elilodwa umuntu angakwazi ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukujula kwesigaba esiseduze. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngombono othize, omoya noma okhanyayo. Ngakho-ke kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani umbono we-binocular nombono we-monocular uhlukile ngokubhekwa komuntu ngesithombe esilandelayo se-qualitative yesithathu esiphezulu.

Umbono we-three-dimensional of space nombono we-monocular awuphelele. Isibonelo, vala iso elilodwa bese uthatha ipensela esandleni ngasinye. Manje zama ukuletha amaphuzu amapensela ndawonye. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzothola okokuqala. Umbono we-binocular uzovumela lo msebenzi ukuthi usebenze ngomzamo omncane noma awukho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono ngombono wamehlo amabili wandisa kakhulu isikhala, unesibopho sokwandisa ubuciko obubonakalayo nokuzwela kweso ngalinye ukukhanya, ikakhulukazi kubuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono we-binocular usiza ukuqeda umphumela wempumputhe, futhi uhlawulela izinga lombono lapho omunye amehlo ephuka ngokuzumayo.

Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kombono ofanele we-binocular ukulingana komsebenzi ocacile kanye nezwi elihlala njalo lemisipha yomuntu. Ibhalansi elungile kanye nokulinganisela emisebenzini yemisipha ye-oculomotor ibizwa ngokuthi "i-orthophoresis."

Kodwa kukhona ukwephulwa kwalesi silinganiso, okwenzeka kaningi futhi kutholakala cishe kubantu abadala abangama-75%, ngokulandelana, phambi kwombono we-binocular enempilo. Ukungalingani okunjalo, okuphazanyiswa okufihlekile ekusebenzeni kwemisipha yamehlo, kubizwa ngokuthi "i-heterophoria". I-Heterophoria ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili. Lesi "isiphepho" - ukunciphisa izinkomba ezibukwayo. Futhi uhlobo lwesibili - "u-exophory" - luba nomkhuba wokunciphisa izinkomba ezibukwayo.

Ukuphenya kwemibono yebinocular

Umsebenzi we-binocular vision umsebenzi wukubonakala kwemifanekiso yezinto ezisendaweni efanayo ukusuka kwamehlo kuya kumaphuzu ahlukene we-retina esweni lesobunxele nesokunene. Ake ucabange ukuthi phambi kwakho odongeni ungumbuthano omnyama wephepha. Uma imigqa ebonakalayo yamehlo isendaweni yombuthano omnyama, isithombe sayo sizobe singena phakathi kwe-fossa ephakathi. Uma, isibonelo, kunezinto ezikude ukusuka kwamehlo afana nombuthano omnyama, khona-ke izithombe zezinto zizowela ku-retina womabili amehlo kuya kumaphuzu afanayo ukusuka phakathi.

Ngendlela yokubona ibhayisikili, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemisipha yamehlo. Banikeza ukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo ekuhambeni kwama-eyeballs, futhi nokulawula ukuma ngqo nokulungiswa kokubili kwamehlo ekhethiwe. Nge-orthotopia, lapho ibhalansi yemisipha yamehlo ihlelwe kahle, azikho izinkinga ezibalulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunabantu ababhekene nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-heterophory, isibonelo, i-strabismus.

Umbono we-binocular wengane ukhiwa phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila. Uma ingane izalwa, akanayo lolu hlobo lombono.

Umbono we-binocular ubalulekile uyisihluthulelo sempumelelo kubantu abaningi. Ngokuyinhloko, kubalulekile kubantu abanomsebenzi wabo ohlangene ngqo endaweni eseduze, isibonelo, odokotela abahlinzayo nodokotela bezinye izici ezifanayo, abagijimi, ama-biathletes, abashayeli, amasosha, njll. Izifundo zombono we-binocular ziqhubeka njalo, ngoba zingaba zibaluleke kakhulu emithi ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene zamehlo.