Izimfihlo zesakhiwo sehlo

Ngezinye izikhathi iso lomuntu lifaniswa ne-optical system: linomthamo wokukhanya, ngaphandle kwalokho i-retina, i-diaphragm, okungukuthi, umfundi, i-lens, okungukuthi, i-lens, nomzimba wezinto eziphilayo-i-sclera. Cabangela izimfihlo zesakhiwo sehlo ngokuningiliziwe ukuze uqonde idivayisi yayo ekhohlisayo.

Iso lomuntu livikelwe kusuka phambili ngamajwabu amehlo - ephansi nangaphezulu. Ngaphandle, ijwabu leso lomuntu limbozwe isikhumba, ngaphakathi - i-conjunctiva, i-membrane encane. Amapilisi nama-eyelashes asebenza njengesivikelo ngothuli nangothuli emehlweni. Izithobezi ezisabekayo, ezingaphansi kwamajwabu amehlo, zifaka isandla ekukhululweni kwamanzi ahlanzekile, okuyinto ehlale ihambisa iso. Futhi ngaphansi kwamajwabu ama-muscle kanye ne-cartilage, ngenxa yokuthi sinethuba lokubambazela, ngoba imisipha iqhuma ama-ilepidi. Ezingxenyeni zamehlo kukhona amaphuzu ezinyembezi, okukhipha uketshezi olukhethekile, okuthiwa izinyembezi. Ngenxa yokwezinye izinyembezi, asigcini nje ukulahla umthwalo wemithwalo yemvelo, kodwa futhi usula amehlo ethu ngothuli, ugeze iso ngaphakathi, futhi ususe ubuthi emzimbeni.

I-anatomy ye-iso ihlukile futhi ayifinyezeki. Enyangweni ngalinye leso kukhona imisipha eyisithupha, ngayinye eyenza umsebenzi wayo. Imisipha isivumela ukuba siphendule ngokukhululekile amehlo ethu futhi sigxile amehlo ethu endaweni ethile. Indlela yokwakhiwa kweso kungenxa yokuba khona kwegobolondo yangaphandle ye-cornea ne-sclera. Ngenye indlela, i-sclera ye-iso ibizwa ngokuthi amaprotheni, ngoba inemibala emhlophe. Kuthatha u-5/6 wegobolondo yeso futhi wenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela, futhi isekela ukuma kweso. I-cornea yeso isobala futhi inombono we-convex. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-cornea ukukhishwa kokukhanya.

Indlela yokwakhiwa kweso ikhonjiswe ngokuba khona kwesibopho esiyindilinga - umfundi, ophakathi nendawo ye-iris. Ngendlela, i-pigment ye-iris inquma umbala wamehlo ethu. Ngokuya ngemibala, umbala wamehlo ungaba mnyama, noma uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza. Ngomgwaqo wama-ray, ufinyelela ku-retina. Uma ukukhanya kukhanye, umfundi uyanciphisa, uma igumbi lumnyama likhula. Ubuningi bomfundi bubonisa ukuthi umuntfu ucindezela kanjani amehlo akhe ukuze agxile ezintweni. Futhi ebumnyameni kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza. Isakhiwo seso lomuntu singenxa yokuba khona kwesinye isici - i-lens. I-lens itholakala kumfundi futhi isebenza njenge-lens biconvex. I-cornea ne-lens zidla uketshezi kusuka kumaseli eso.

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zeso yi-retina. Iphakethi equkethe izingqimba eziningana zamaseli. Ukusuka kwesakhiwo se-retina kuncike ekutheni umuntu uyakwazi kanjani ukuhlukanisa izinto. Ngemuva kwe-retina kuyinto into emnyama - i-melanin, efaka ukukhanya okungenayo futhi ayivumeli ukuthi iboniswe. Futhi inani le-melanin libonisa umbala wamehlo. Uma i-melanin ingaphezulu, iso lenyama lingumnyama. Kwenzeka ukuthi abantu banamehlo ahlukene ngokwebala. Lokhu kuboniswa ukwephulwa kwaleli pigment.

Ukwakhiwa kweso kuyinto engavamile futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, yonke indlela ososayensi abaye basebenza ngayo amakhulu eminyaka emazweni ahlukene. Ukuze umuntu abone futhi ahlukanise izinto ezihlukene, inqwaba yemisipha, izishukela namajoyina ahilelekile. Iso lomuntu yilona uhlelo lonke, idivayisi yonke yokusebenza. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi ubuqili kanye ncamashi konke kwakuthathwa ngemvelo. Ngenxa yokubona, sifunda ngezwe, senza umsebenzi wethu obalulekile nokukhulumisana. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi abantu bangaboni kanjani. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuphatha amehlo akho ngokucophelela nokukhathalela. Ungahlali amahora phambi kwekhompiyutha, funda okuningi futhi uthinte amehlo akho. Iso lomuntu, njengomzimba lonke, lidinga ukuphumula. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthola ukulala ngokwanele, yenza ukuvocavoca kwamehlo, ukuze bahlale bephilile futhi beqaphe.