HPP Zhigulevskaya: umlando, izithombe

Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo bekulokhu kuyiphupho ka uhulumeni wamaSoviet ngaleso kakhulu kokusa yezwe. Ngokuqinisekile amacebo awuqala 30s, nokwakhiwa emikhulu kufanelekile ngesikhathi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Umlando Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo - lokhu ingenye emakhasini kwetimboni kweSoviet Union waseRussia amandla nokuvikeleka.

Kusukela umqondo ekuqaleni

Umqondo wokwakha Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo ngo-1910 uye usuthunyelwe tsarist uhulumeni unjiniyela Samara G. M. Krzhizhanovsky. Ukuqalisa kwenzeka kuphela emva kwempi, ngesikhathi evunywe uhlelo lokufaka ugesi, okwakubekelwa okuqalwe unjiniyela efanayo, kodwa kakade isimo usihlalo ugesi ikhomishana.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-30 kule ndawo, etholakala eduze nedolobhana neminsalo Red, waqala umsebenzi ucwaningo on ukuthuthukisa bezikhali lukagesi iVolga. Umphumela waba isiphakamiso ukwakha Kuibyshev esiteshini emifula, lapho kwakunokwenzeka ukuhlomisa amaphuzu amathathu ukuqala umsebenzi. Okokuqala kwaba esakhiweni eduze nedolobhana Red imicibisholo. Ukuze uqinisekise emikhulu iphrojekthi Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo Yakhiwa indlunkulu. Kodwa kakade 1940 esizeni ukubekwa okuhlongozwayo esiteshini wembula ezifakwa wamafutha, nokwakha eqandisiwe.

ngemva kwempi,

Ngo ngemva kwempi kwathiwa kwenziwe okwengeziwe prospecting sikhungo "Hydroproject" amabutho. indawo efanelekayo watholakala eduze nedolobha Zhigulyovsk. ч . Ngokwe-project, evunyiwe 1949, amandla kagesi Zhigulyovskaya sabekwa ezingeni eziyizigidi ezingu-2.1 kVt⋅ amahora.

Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1950 futhi ngokushesha yazuza ngezinga elikhulu. Ukuqalisa izinhlelo Kwakuhileleke 50 ukwakhiwa kanye ukufakwa amabhizinisi, eziphathelene cishe yonke iminyango yezwe. Cishe ngo-130 nezikhungo kanye nomklamo bureau, imishini ukunikezela izingxenye ehilelekile ngaphezulu kuka 1,300 izimboni ukuklama amasayithi kanye izakhiwo babe nesifiso sokuthandana. UMphathi ukwakhiwa sikhungo waqokwa I. V Komzin, wathola i-ekuthuthukisweni kanye nasekuqalisweni kokusebenza emikhulu project isihloko Hero of Socialist Labour.

izigaba ukwakhiwa

HPP Zhiguli - enkulu post-yimpi luhlobo, okuyinto edingekayo ukugqugquzela womnotho obuthaka semali Manpower nezisetshenziswa. Udaba nge-human resources yaxazululwa kuhle ezinzima - kweziningi abakhi ababeyiziboshwa okuqukethwe kwabo esungulwe Kuneevsky ITL, Glavgidrostroyu ilawulwe Wezangaphakathi wase-USSR.

Ulahla edwaleni ibhange kwesokudla iVolga ukuze kwakhiwe idamu uqalwe ebusika 1950. Usuku olusemthethweni kokusebenza ukwakhiwa ubhekwa Februwari 18, 1951, lapho uye wasuswa kusukela phansi lokuqala ikusasa endaweni emgodini. HPP kwakhiwa Zhigulevskaya kwaba lomchazi. Ukuze lelisu futhi ukusheshisa ijubane lomsebenzi ngesikhathi indawo wadonsa konke okuhle ngesikhathi amasu okwamanje.

Ngo-July 1951 baqala ukwakhiwa esangweni ephansi futhi enamandla isitshalo letivakalako ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni. Entwasahlobo ka-1952 waqala ukuba kwakhiwe le Spillway ibhuloho amakhilomitha eziyisishiyagalombili ngobude, futhi ehlobo sekuyisikhathi ukwakha emifula kuphuma engenhla ukuthutha. Ngo-December walowo nyaka ofanayo ayethunywe ku eziyinkimbinkimbi esibhedlela.

ijubane yashesha

HPP Zhigulevskaya eyakhelwe ijubane esasizosheshisa, ngezinye izikhathi amahora umsebenzi uvumelane up kuya kwezingu-20 cubic metres ngokhonkolo, okwakuwuphawu irekhodi ngisho ngezindinganiso global. Ngo-December 1952, kwaqala umsebenzi concreting phansi esangweni ephansi, izinyanga ezimbili yayigcwalise empilweni yamasiko abakhi - wafakwa ukusebenza iqembu elisha namafutha edolobhaneni Sunny Meadow.

Ngo-April 1953 waphinde waqala Nechobozekile itshe batshale Macadam, imikhiqizo zazo kusukela 30 July isetjentiswe ekwakheni amandla kagesi isakhiwo. Isisekelo lonke ipuleti Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo laqedwa Julayi 1954. Umlando isakhiwo kwavela iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu - ukudalwa naleli damu. Ukuqala wanikezwa Agasti 15, 1955, yaqala nge ukweqa ibhange kwesokunxele iVolga, kwedamu i zobumba ukuthi wabophula izinyanga 2. Ngo-October, amanzi emfuleni yayimiswe egodini.

Agqagqene nebhange kwesokudla emfuleni laqedwa irekhodi isikhathi, izazi wathatha cishe amahora angaphezu 19 ngoba imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuhamba emavikini amabili alandelayo, sase sisebenza zokuqeda ukukhubazeka elincane emzimbeni naleli damu. Ngo-November 1955 amanzi aqala ukugcwala le Kuibyshev kwesigubhu.

Project amanzi ezingeni kuwo yathinteka kuphela-June 1957. Ngesikhathi ukufinyelela amandla ezisebenza Kuibyshev kwesigubhu kwakuwumsebenzi wokuhumusha omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni - endaweni matasa amakhilomitha angaba 6000 square, ubude - 510 metres, ububanzi kwezinye izindawo safinyelela amakhilomitha 27.

amarekhodi

Umlando Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo ngoJulayi 1955 kwaphawulwa ukudlula isitsha lokuqala ngokusebenzisa aphansi kuphuma olwandle. Ngo-November, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa ukugqagqana wesiteshi esemqoka ye iVolga, ngoDisemba usuqede ukufaka unit lokuqala wokubacindezela laqala ukusebenza yayo commercial. Enye nanye Hydropower amayunithi ezaqaliswa ngesikhathi 1956-1957 inkathi. Eyokuqala bhiliyoni kilowatt-amahora yatholwa ngo-October 1956. Usuku beqeda esigabeni yezokwakha main ubhekwa 14 Okthoba 1957, lapho zonke izinjini ezisebenza HPP ikhiphe ugesi ezimbonini.

Ukufaka ngamunye umthamo ophephela obuyizinkulungwane 150 MW kuthatha cishe inyanga, emva ukubethula ukusebenza kwaba sobala ukuthi ekuthuthukiseni imishini kagesi nge namandla kuze kube 115 MW. Ngenxa yalokho amayunithi kabusha wokugubha wathwalwa, futhi efakwe umthamo kagesi lande laba ngu-2.3 GW.

Yonke imizamo okwalandela ziye baqondiswa ekufezeni ukwakhiwa zokuphatha ngesikhathi ingqalasizinda esiteshini futhi zomphakathi Zhigulevsk futhi laseStavropol. HPP Zhiguli - isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, lonke imisele yamanzi lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa. Phakathi nale nkathi, wayewenza cishe 200 million cubic metres wokumba, wabeka cubic metres abangaba yizigidi ezingu-8 ngokhonkolo, efakwe amathani ayinkulungwane 200 metal izakhiwo kanye nemishini.

ukuxhashazwa

Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo lavulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-August 9, 1958 emkhosini yesivumelwano khona abantu bokuqala be-USSR. Ngosuku olulandelayo, esiteshini saqanjwa iVolga Hydroelectric Power Station umsebenzi wokuba Lenin. abahlanganyeli Abaningi ukwakhiwa Uthole imiklomelo uhulumeni. Kwecala on ukwakhiwa iziboshwa ziye zakhululwa endle ngo ushwele, ezinye izohlala kwanciphisa isikhathi lokukhonza lomusho.

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-August 1966 Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo wazakhela esiyisikhumbuzo bhiliyoni 100 kilowatt-amahora kukagesi. Phakathi nenkathi efanayo kwakukhona ezishintshayo ehlelekile zonke izinqubo ukulawula esiteshini kuze kube sekupheleni-70 ezinkulu sesimanje imishini kwenziwa.

Nge ushintsho ohlelweni kwezomnotho ngo-1993 kwashintsha isimo esiteshini: ngenxa ye kabusha inkampani baba inkampani yomphakathi elinganiselwe. Ngo-2001 HPP Zhigulevskaya baba ingxenye yenkampani "iVolga Hydropower Cascade". Kusukela 2003, amandla kagesi kuyinto umphakeli ugesi emakethe wholesale, okuyinto uthengisa 15% wamandla elakhiwe, nezinye izinsiza litholakale ngokomthetho emakethe sikahulumeni.

yesimanjemanje

Kuze kube manje, umnikazi esiteshini yinkampani ephethe "RusHydro". Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo - lena emifula emfuleni embhedeni, zonke izindawo ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu ekilasini lokuqala kusho enye incwadi. Isakhiwo ingqalasizinda kuhlanganisa:

• Zobumba edamini ukuphakama 52 metres (ububanzi - 750 m, ubude - 2800 m).
• Hydroelectric isakhiwo esiteshini ayi-700 ubude.
• Spillway dam 980 budze.
• Ukuthumela sivala.

Ukuphakama Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo engxenyeni idamu 40,15 metres, amandla indlu has a ukuphakama 81,1 amamitha. Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo edamini sabekwa ujantshi kanye onguthelawayeka leaf umyalezo eMoscow - Samara. ч . Isiteshi umthamo 2320 MW, kanti isilinganiso amandla okukhipha kugcinwa at 10.5 bhiliyoni kVt⋅ amahora. ч , и 4 машины мощностью 120 МВт⋅ ч . Ikamelo umshini 20 ifakwe amayunithi wokubacindezela jika-vane uhlobo, 14 zazo nomthamo 115 MVt⋅ h futhi 4 umshini at 120 MVt⋅ amahora.

sesimanje

Ngo-2010 inkampani "RusHydro" usayine inkontileka ne OAO "Amandla Machines" I-sesimanje amayunithi wokubacindezela. Ngo-June 2017 buyekeza wathola izimoto 19, kwaqedwa wonke eziyinkimbinkimbi wezinyathelo ehleliwe Novemba 2017. Izinyathelo ezithathwe ukubuyekeza Isikhwama kuzokhulisa umthamo sitshalo kuze kufinyelele 2488 MW.

Njengoba isakhiwo sokuqala, futhi namuhla abatelekile izitshalo amandla izitshalo Hydropower Zhiguli. Iziteshi Photo, amadamu lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi emifula ugqozi inhlonipho wayeyisazi abaklami abakhi.