R-500 - ephezulu ukucacisa missile futhi Subsonic. Russian cruise missile naphakathi-range

Ngo-2011, samukela omusha yezikhali isimo hlelo ngoba 2011-2020 (isikhathi nokuqaliswa kwalo ngokuqondene bomnotho kungenzeka eside). Uhlelo Kwenziwa emikhulu kabusha imishini, sesimanje izikhali ezikhona. Hhayi indima yokugcina eyadlalwa rocket e-Armed Forces of the retooling Russian.

Kuhlomisa ezicitshwayo Amandla ahlomile

Ekupheleni kuka-2014, uMphathi Jikelele Abasebenzi Valery Gerasimov ngokufingqiwe imiphumela yesikhathi sesimanje yempi kulo nyaka odlule. Njengengxenye imishini nangomcibisholo, waphawula ukuthi iRussia lithole InterContinental amathathu nesishiyagalombili ezicitshwayo ballistic. Air regiments okuvikela eyayihambisana yesimanje emoyeni ukuvikela Kazakhstan. Amaqembu amabili rearmed ukuba "Iskander-M".

Wakhuluma ku uhlinzeke amathuluzi lasolwandle, okuyimali ngwenya, "Novorossiysk 'ngwenya ne cruise micibisholo" Severodvinsk "imikhumbi encane missile" Uglich "futhi" Grad Sviyazhsk ". Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo ngcono ukuthi uxwayisa missile kuhlasela.

Kanjani "Iskander"

On the "Iskander" wafunda lokuqala ngesikhathi "MAKS-99" Air Bonisa Zhukovsky, esifundeni eMoscow. Sergei Ivanov, owayeneminyaka ngaleso sikhathi Russian Defense uNgqongqoshe uthe uhlelo missile uzobe uthenge, kuqalwe 2005.

Owandulela "Iskander" uhlelo missile kwaba 9K714 "Oka", ithuthukiswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa umklami nge okunenjongo igama SP Invincible. Nokho, isiphetho "Oka", kwaba sifile.

Ngo-1987, uMongameli wase-USSR futhi US Gorbachev futhi Reagan ngemvume iSivumelwano kuyi Lokuqedwa ezicitshwayo semisebenzi kanye naphakathi-range. Race uhlobo yezwekazi Nuclear Izikhali inqanyuliwe, kodwa ngenxa yezenzo kubaholi Soviet Kubalulekile ikhono ukuzivikela izikhali izinhlelo wezwe engene ngaphansi imikhawulo. "Oka" waba owokuqala ohlwini ohlwini futhi kuncike ekubhujisweni. Ngo-1989, amakhulu amabili namashumi yikhulu ezimbili iziqhumane missile kwabhujiswa.

"Iskanderovskaya" usinga

Abafundi Invincible ephethwe ngivuselele eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Iskander" (okusho ukuthi ukuhumusha kusukela Tatar "winner"). Isakhiwo esisha, yebo, possesses okungcono ukusebenza izici isihlobo ukuba esasisandulele. Nokho, bonke imibono original we "Oka", baye baqhubeka futhi ithuthukiswe "Iskander".

Embusweni isasasa kakhulu owethulwa Western zezombusazwe Ukukhuluma elite ukubekwa eRussia, e-Kaliningrad, yesihlanu Novemba 2008, "Iskander". Lokhu ukushukuma kwakufana nalokho ababhekana nakho ngesikhathi kukhulunywa chemical LwaseSiriya noma zenuzi Iranian. Njengoba P-500 missile "Iskander" engaphuzile, NATO ne-United States ezimweni ezinjalo, lapho mpikiswano eside kwaba isikhathi ukuze uqede.

Kodwa kulokho ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela? Yin'indaba? Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi medium-range missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander" cishe imperceptible. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezimbalwa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• A cruise missile uyakwazi ukujika ne ukuminyana Amazing, okuyinto namuhla abakwazi ukufinyelela noma omunye missile Interceptor emhlabeni.
• Ngisho noma iphuzu odlule kungaba kungenzeka ke ukuthola radar bayo obujwayelekile kusho ongenangqondo.
• "Iskander" uyakwazi ukuphonsa Okuqondiwe ngokukhethekile ukuze akhohlise isitha, futhi ukusungula umsakazo futhi wenza umcimbi wonke emitters kuthambekele ngaphakathi yesimiso sokuzivikela missile.

Ngakho, iyiphi into etholakala ku-ibanga amakhilomitha anamakhulu mahlanu zingadilizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander" cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amaphesenti.
Kazakhstan Operational and Tactical kuyinto ezintathu izinhlobo: "Iskander-E", "Iskander-M" futhi "Iskander-K."

"Iskander-E"

Lolu hlelo kuhloswe ngqo emazweni angaphandle. izici zako ezisemqoka ezisetshenzisiwe kanje: ububanzi - amakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili ayisishiyagalombili ngesikhathi isisindo ingxenye eyinhloko amakhilogremu amane namashumi ayisishiyagalombili; isivinini indiza - 2100 m / umzuzwana.
Uhlelo Ukwakheka missile kufaka owodwa esigabeni rocket isiqalisi iyunithi self ezinezinjini, okuthunyelwe umyalo nempahla-ukulayisha imoto, unit mobile ukulungiswa ulwazi, amayunithi mobile enikeza izinhlelo lobuchwepheshe kanye ezifuywayo ARSENALNY nokuqeqeshwa kits.

"Iskander-M"

Le nguqulo "Iskander" ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukusetshenziswa Russian yasekhaya. "Iskander-E" - inguqulo ukuthekelisa yasungulwa on ngesisekelo yayo.

"Iskander-M" - hhayi ukuze lubonakale ziqhathaniswa iqhinga langaphambilini, futhi uyakwazi kangcono kokubili ekuqaleni kanye at esigabeni sokugcina indiza. Imifula yakhona isiqondiso kuhlangene optical kanye laser homing, umsakazo ukulungiswa GPS.

P-500 rocket

Zisetshenziswa missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander-M". A athuthukile cruise ezicitshwayo P-500 kusukela ngo-1998.

Lezi ezicitshwayo nesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu amane namashumi ayisishiyagalombili, kukhona at ibanga amakhilomitha ezingamakhulu ayisihlanu isikhathi indiza imizuzu amabili ezine, ngesivinini amakhulu amabili namashumi amathathu amakhilomitha amabili namashumi ayisithupha ngomzuzwana. Nakuba ekuqaleni senzelwe cruise missile "Iskander-M", kamuva kwaba ingashintshwa ukuze kamuva "Iskander". Uhlolo kuqala nge eziyinkimbinkimbi ngcono kwenzeke Kapustin Yar ngo-2007. Kube missile P-500 uye wabonisa konke ukusebenza yabo enhle.

isilawuli missile uhlelo kungenzeka based ngesisekelo GPS kanye ikhompyutha digital. CU akuyona ahlukaniswe. Qala uhlelo usebenza ngokuhlanganyela izimiso zesiphuphutheki navigation. idatha Ngemishini ngokuzenzakalelayo afakwe ebekaphaphela zisesimweni ovundlile ngaphakathi STC. Ingena idatha iyashesha futhi ezingelapheka ngaphambi kokuqala.

"Umhlaba-Umhlaba"

ikilasi "phansi-to-phansi 'ezikhalini ezijikijelwayo ezivuthayo - rocket, babevamise hit okuhloswe phansi futhi ukusebenzisa izwe. Leli gama, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwegama elithi "kobuso-to-air" nokunye. D. Isebenza kuphela eRussia, futhi isetshenzisiwe ngaphambilini eSoviet Union. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana amagama isiRashiya, lo R-500 "Iskander" imicibisholo kukhona "phansi-phansi". Kwamanye amazwe bebizwa umane Tactical noma nokusebenza-Tactical.

"Iskander-K"

Okuningi inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye "Iskander-M" yasungulwa ngo-2012. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Iskander-K." naphakathi ububanzi missile wayo sizihlomele R-37, sithwele evele. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuba ngokushesha nangokunembile bacibishele trajectory flat. P-500 missile ingandiza ezingeni ukuphakama ngamamitha ayisithupha. inhlanganisela Wakhe gos futhi esikhundleni warhead. Isakhiwo Ungabeka ezicitshwayo amabili ngesikhathi Okuqondiwe ahlukahlukene nge break umzuzu owodwa.

Inhlanganisela "Iskander"

Ngokusho kochwepheshe wezempi, uma ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa "Iskander-M" futhi "Iskander-K", uthole umphumela synergistic, okuyinto abakwazi ukumelana nanoma omunye izinhlelo anti-missile. Lapho ezikwazi kakhulu ijubane hypersonic ephezulu engamamitha kwi "Iskander" yohlobo olufanayo futhi babe izici ezifanayo, kodwa flying kwi-imitha eziyisithupha okusezingeni eliphezulu "Iskander" lolunye uhlobo izothunyelwa ku umgomo ofanayo, kuyothiwa hit nge ematfuba eliphezulu kakhulu.

Ukubekwa "Iskander"

US basabela ngokushesha yonke imigudu yokuxhumana, ngokushesha nje iRussia ubeke "Iskander" uhlelo Kaliningrad esifundeni, bemkhuthaza ukuba zingenze isimo e-Europe. Poland futhi Latvia futhi baye bazwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwabo ngalolu daba, esishoyo ukuthi izenzo ezinjalo, bathi, akuvezi isifiso sokuba ukuxhumana eduze nokubambisana NATO ne-European Union. Abathandwayo futhi ukusabela Azerbaijan ngemva Armenia, la kweminsalo zinikelwe. Zonke mpendulo nolaka, eyaqala kuze kube yileso sikhathi ngesandla sakhe, ngayeka.

Ehlobo lika-2014, ngemva nokudliwa eCrimea eRussia, umongameli ivume ukubekwa insiza eCrimea. Cruise ezicitshwayo P-500 "Iskander" eziyinkimbinkimbi ayikwazanga bahlala banganandaba eYurophu nase-United States. Futhi impendulo yabo yayisivele ejwayele elikhulu futhi bawotha. Ngempela, ukuvela isikhali esesabekayo e Sea uye yasishintsha ukulingana kwamandla nge NATO.

Owayengumongameli waseRussia uthola ukugxeka ukuthi isinqumo esinjalo baphikise futhi uyiqili. It okuthiwa inikeza Russia ithuba zokusondelana NATO elisekela.

Phendula "Iskander" NATO into. Ngakho ukusabela zobudlova West kuya redeployment of izakhiwo Russian ngaphakathi insimu yalo. Nokho, eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kwakuthiwa "Iskander" uhlelo missile uzobe efakwe ekuphenduleni NATO emoyeni ukuzivikela futhi missile yesimiso sokuzivikela eduze imingcele Russian. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. ukumangala ezingemnandi kakhulu NATO kwaba nokwenzeka kuzo double "Iskander": e-Kaliningrad esifundeni kanye eCrimea.