Yini eyenza insipho? ekwenzeni insipho

Mhlawumbe, njengoba ingane umama ngokuvamile eminye imibuzo ukubuza omunye: "? I izandla ngensipho egeza amanzi:" Ngaphandle kokukhetha, sonke siyazi ukuthi angcolile (noma kabi wageza) izandla kungabangela njengoba ukuqunjelwa kancane, futhi izifo ezinkulu, ezifana izifo emathunjini, ikholera, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A, uvendle kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. d.

Eningini lethu isidingo sinemikhuba emihle akuyona ungaqiniseki. Ukugeza izandla emva uhambo, ngaphambi kokuba udle, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese - ezifana nezinto ezifana namasiko saziso, isibonelo, ukubingelela nabajwayelene nabo. Kodwa akubona bonke bacabanga ukuthi ukwenza insipho ukuthi sisebenzisa.

Kuyini insipho?

Sifunde ukuthi insipho - kuba brusochek elimnandi, okuyinto ngaphansi kwethonya amanzi encibilikayo futhi foams. Lokhu Foam ugeza kude inhlabathi, futhi izandla zihlanzekile. Ulwazi oluyisisekelo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali ivumela incazelo enembe kakhudlwana yokulawula molecule okuyindawo ehlanganisa insipho, kuhlangene molecule izinto apolar ubanjwe on izandla (amafutha, ukungcola, njll ...). Lezi zinhlayiya insipho kungenziwa exhunywe kalula amangqamuzana amanzi polar. It kuvela ukuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali insipho - uhlobo nomlamuleli phakathi kwamanzi futhi soiling okunamafutha. Soap ixhunyiwe elenhlabathi molecule "linamathela" ukuze amanzi. Amanzi, esikhundleni salokho, kususa compounds ngezandla.

amagama Chemical

Ngamagama yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali insipho - emulsifier kusistimu uwoyela-amanzi. Soap-molecule is side e nenyoka has a umsila hydrophobic futhi ikhanda - hydrophilic. Hydrophobic, okungukuthi umsila fat-encibilikayo, lingangeni lijule ukungcola ngokuqinile ehlangene nakho. Shona badonsekela molecule yamanzi. uhlelo okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi i-micelle lehla. Fat kulezi compounds ayisaxhunyanisiwe wazizwa yithi njengezikhonzi "ezibushelelezi".

Effect ifilimu oily phezu Amanzi ubalekela kweso lapho kungezwe esincane ke insipho (kungakhathaliseki okuqinile noma uketshezi). Micelles kwakhiwa ngokushesha bese ubamba amangqamuzana fat. Amanzi ngaphansi kwethonya okwenziwé insipho, kuba ethambile nokuningi "izacile." Lezi izakhiwo ezintsha uyivumele engena ijule kwezicubu iphume zonke izinhlobo zokungcola.

Ezinjalo njengoba thinning amanzi umphumela bungatholakala ngokumane bafudumale. Ukuze izinto ngenhloso ngaphandle non-ukungena nakwamanye amazwe ezinamanzi anele ashisayo ukususa konke ukungcola okunamafutha. Ungakwazi geza ngokuphepha izitsha ngaphandle insipho emanzini ashisayo, kodwa izandla seniye nagezwa off the insipho amafutha.

Koze kube kufanele insipho

Ngakho vele sesiyazi ukuthi micelles - insipho kwakwakhe ngamanzi namafutha - kunalokho amaconsi esitebeleni. Futhi ubheka ubungako bawo incane ngenxa imithelela lokushisa. Unquma kanjani kangakanani udinga insipho? Indlela elula - ukufeza yesivini. Ngempela, khona suds kubonisa ngokuchichima olukhululekile okunamafutha molecule e kumiswa micelle insipho. Njengoba zonke micelles olunegethivi icala they dudula nomunye futhi abakwazi hlanganani. Kodwa kwanele ukuba avele iconsi encane yamafutha, futhi yezinhlayiya olukhululekile solution insipho uyohlangana kuyo uxhumano uzinze ngokwengeziwe. A molecule yokuwasha exhumene kungavimbela Foam kumiswa.

I amakhemikhali ukwakheka insipho

Ngomzamo ukuqonda ukuthi yini eyenza kusukela insipho, abe elengeziwe ukukhumbula esikoleni esiphakeme kwamakhemikhali. Soap - usawoti okusezingeni eliphezulu (carboxylic, i-sodium noma ye-potassium).

Salt ngombono ukupheka siyaqonda. Futhi kwamakhemikhali? imikhiqizo Lokhu ukusabela alikhali futhi acid. Emvelweni, sivame ukuhlangana eceleni kanye lokuqala nelesibili. Kodwa insipho ngokwemvelo. Futhi nakuba ukukhiqizwa insipho - ilula ngokwanele, kodwa namanje kudinga ulwazi oluthile namakhono.

Ukuze saponification (esikhiqiza yesivini izinto nge yokuwasha izakhiwo) kubalulekile ukuba evamile fatty acid kuthiwa wasithukuthelela i alikhali. I amakhefu yokugcina phansi fatty acid kule glycerol futhi fatty acid. I-sodium (potassium) ingxenye alikhali ixubana acid akha sodium (potassium) usawoti -fatty acid, okuyinto siyazi njengoba insipho.

insipho Natural noma zokwenziwa

Uma uthatha kusukela emashalofini brusochek yokuwasha kanye nokulungisa ngokucophelela, okuyindawo ukwenza insipho, ungenawo njalo ukuthola indlela yokwakheka kakhukhunathi zemvelo noma amafutha omnqumo. Ngo umkhakha, insipho ukwenziwa kusukela femu imfucuza. It uphendulela insipho okuyinto ayinakho insipho yemvelo ne ngalutho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhiqizo kwemiqondo ezisizungezile yonke indawo, futhi akukho okubi ngalokho. Ngakolunye - ofuna ukusebenzisa lokhu, khona-ke kukhona iwumkhiqizo wemvelo. Njengoba sekushiwo, lo mkhiqizo livela inqubo "saponification" noma insipho ukwenziwa. Ngo umkhuba kunzima kakhulu ukususa glycerin kusukela insipho, ngakho insipho yemvelo umphumela ethambile futhi kangcono esikhunjeni. Glycerol - ingxenye enkulu insipho njengoba lokhu humectant yemvelo uyakwazi iyavuleka umswakama kusukela emoyeni futhi ulithumele isikhumba. Ngakho, isikhumba akusho zome futhi uhlala nokunwebeka ngokwanele.

A ezihlukahlukene amafutha insipho

Ngamunye uwoyela wemvelo has izici zayo siqu. Ukuze udlulisele izakhiwo ezithile insipho ubilise insipho ye uwoyela wemvelo.

uwoyela kakhukhunathi kuyinto Foam kakhulu, isibonelo. A omnqumo iqukethe inqwaba izinto amaminerali kanye acid yezimbiwa for isikhumba. canola Okuningi exotic (rapeseed izinhlobo) futhi evamile amafutha esundu - umbhidisi kakhulu kwezakhi esikhunjeni. amafutha sunflower kaningi ngaphezu not ezisetshenziselwa ukupheka brusochkov insipho. Kodwa ukhilimu-insipho ke - ikhomponethi kakhulu.

zokwenziwa izingxenye

insipho ngokuphakeme ezimbonini ukwenziwa wehlukile kakhulu. Umbala, iphunga, izakhiwo, njll Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi inuka insipho nombala - .. Kumane amakhemikhali wadala egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. Yiqiniso, abakhiqizi ngokuphindaphindiwe ihlolwe umphumela zonke izingxenye esikhumbeni, kodwa ezimweni ezehlukile kuba isici esiyingqayizivele kungenzeka izakhi ngabanye.

I Kungashiwo okufanayo lamafutha zemvelo ezibalulekile. Naphezu kwakho konke, kungenzeka ukusabela ngabanye engakhi isakhi esithile. Noma kunjalo, insipho ngezandla kunomthelela ezincane kakhulu omubi isimo sesikhumba.

Eyesibili caveat ezibalulekile - umbala insipho. It kungabuye etholwe synthetically noma udayi yemvelo. imibala yemvelo "turbid" futhi "cisha", kodwa-ke, bona akunangozi kuqhathaniswa chemical zabo izimbangi.

ilondolo insipho

Mylovar ukuhlukanisa phakathi yezimonyo nensipho. Njengoba lizisho igama laso, ilondolo insipho eklanyelwe geza ugeze izinto zangamalanga, hhayi isikhumba. Nokho, beauticians ukuncoma hhayi ukulahla ukusetshenziswa insipho ukubuyisela izinwele kanye isikhumba.

Ukwakheka insipho (GOST Kwehlukanisa 3 izinhlobo) libhekene wokuqukethwe lelisetulu fatty acid kanye alikhali. Eqinisweni, okuqukethwe acid, isitshalo yemvelo futhi isilwane amafutha kanye insipho ane-alikhali kuyinto lezo zigaba: okungenani 70,5%, okungenani 69% hhayi ngaphansi kuka-64%. Lolu hlobo insipho akazange abangele komzimba, ingasetshenziswa ngisho izinto zezingane.

insipho yokuwasha ubonakala njengeNkosi isinqandakuvunda zemvelo. Nge le njongo isetshenziswa ukuze bahlanze ezibhedlela. Odokotela bamazinyo batusa emva ngamunye Ungasebenzisi insipho isixubho, akubi ayizidleke amagciwane.