Okwenza ubisi? Indlela yokwenza ubisi?

Ubisi - ke ingenye ukudla ebaluleke kakhulu. Yileyo indlela imvelo, ukuthi kusukela osukwini lokuqala zokuphila, izinsana ezincelisayo ezincane ezidla ubisi lwebele kuphela. Iqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukuphila okuvamile umzimba ezikhulayo. Kodwa futhi iba umuntu omdala, umuntu asideli ubisi. Sisebenzisa njengethuba yomusa, futhi kusetshenzwe (isibilile wabhaka ubisi, iyogathi, ukhilimu, ukhilimu omuncu, cottage shizi, ibhotela). Kukhona ubisi lonke futhi ephansi fat, fresh futhi yancibilika, ayahwamuka futhi yomile .... Futhi uma elibilile ubisi umkhiqizo ucishe kucace ke ezimbili zokugcina siye sakhanga abantu okukhulu, ikakhulukazi izingane. Ngokuqinisekile ukubuyisa kancane ukubelesela umbuzo: "? Yini eyenza ubisi" Le ndatshana izozama ukuthola impendulo it futhi sifunde okuningi mayelana nomkhiqizo ajwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni.

Yini eyenza ubisi samanje

Yiqiniso, uma ucabanga ngakho, umbuzo othi "Yini eyenza ubisi" kubonakala silly. Kodwa kuphela kubonakala. Yiqiniso, i-imikhiqizo yemvelo asikhulumi. Enye into - ubisi uthenge. Yini na? umbuzo okunjalo ezisemadolobheni kid umlomo ungezwakala kaningi, futhi kukhona akanayo ukuzibuza. Eqinisweni, kungcono ubisi inkomazi esifanayo sika, icutshungulwe nje ngaphambi kokuthi ufike etafuleni lethu. Abanye abakhiqizi abonakele kungaba alulaze ngamanzi futhi engeza amafutha yemifino, ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwayo amafutha. Kodwa lokhu ezingavamile kakhulu. Iningi ubisi senziwa ngezinto zemvelo eluhlaza.

isakhiwo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu wayedla ubisi hhayi kuphela inkomazi - kwezinye izindawo ibizwa eyatholakala kusukela yensikazi, izimbuzi, mares, inyathi, namakamela. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali wale mikhiqizo, yebo, ziyahlukahluka. Sigxila inkomazi, ngoba iningi labazalwane-ke phezu kwetafula ke likhona. Ngakho-ke, lihlanganisa cishe 85% amanzi, 3% amaprotheni (okuthiwa casein), ubisi fat - 4.5% 5.5% ubisi noshukela (lactose), kanye amavithamini namaminerali. Dairy izimboni kanye nezimboni lapho benza ubisi (ngokunembile - kusetshenzwe), unake kakhulu okuqukethwe amanoni ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi. Lapho indaba kokuqala fat okusezingeni eliphezulu ibhotela enkulu isivuno, futhi amaprotheni kubalulekile ekwenzeni ushizi noshizi ehlukahlukene.

Indlela yokwenza ifektri ubisi izitshalo yobisi

On emashalofini ezitolo eziningi, ungakwazi ukuthi njalo ukuthola ubisi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi ufike lapho, icutshungulwe. Kuyadingeka ukuvikela umkhiqizo. Yiqiniso, izakhiwo ezuzisayo elahleka, kodwa abanye namanje uhlala. Cabangela lezi izinqubo ukuze. Okuluhlaza ubisi okuyinto ufikile simila, iqale selehlile bese homogenized. Homogenization kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uma ugcwalisa ubisi emasakeni phezu bavikela ukhilimu. Empeleni, lokhu amafutha ubisi lowo homogenizer uqalisa ubuhlalu elincane, basakaza nombala kulo nenqwaba ubisi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa palatability sokuqala impahla, kuthuthukisa digestibility yayo. Lokhu kulandelwa ukwelashwa ukushisa (idingeka ukuze decontamination ubisi, ngoba zingatholakala nezilwanyana ezincane ewusizo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi adala izifo) - lokhu kungaba pasteurisation, inzalo noma ultra-pasteurization.

Izinhlobo zokwelapha ezishisayo

Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu ukuba ngowokuqala. He is mnene kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuba alondoloze hhayi kuphela zokunambitha nokuhogela, kodwa futhi izakhiwo ewusizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva pasteurization ubisi kugcinwa isikhathi eside kunokuvamile. Ngo umkhakha yesimanje ngokuya baqala ukusebenzisa ultra-pasteurization. Le ndlela ihlukile ekusetshenzisweni yangaphambilini ye lokushisa ultrahigh. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona neze izakhiwo ewusizo. Sterilisation nakho libhekene ngokuphatha ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu. Lokhu ubisi lilondolozwe elide kakhulu (kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-6, noma ngisho unyaka). Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokuba ukwelashwa ukushisa kufanele kube ngokugcwalisa iziqukathi zeplastiki noma plastic kanye nokuqaliswa ngokusebenzisa abathengisi.

mayelana ubisi

Ngaphandle ubisi ezivamile, kusekhona ezomile. Mhlawumbe hhayi sonke sazi indlela yokwenza ubisi. Ngokokuqala ngqá ngalokhu mkhiqizo seyaziwa ngokuthi Kudala 1832, lapho Usokhemisi waseRussia, M. Dirchov eyasungulwa ukukhiqizwa yakhe. Empeleni, lo mbuzo: "Okwenza ubisi?" Impendulo ilula: inkomo zemvelo. Inqubo inqubo ezimbili. Esikhathini ubisi lokuqala bagxila e ophezulu apparatuses. Ngokulandelayo, ingxube wafakwa omisiwe amadivayisi ezikhethekile. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka powder emhlophe - lokhu luyibhuqu ubisi, kunalokho yayo ezisalayo ezomile, okuyinto elahlekile 85% umthamo yayo (amanzi). Inzuzo kuphela kwalo mkhiqizo phezu ubisi lonke ukuthi kungenzeka isitoreji yesikhathi eside. Plus, kuthatha isikhala kancane, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi zokuthutha up. Ukwakheka powder ubisi kuyafana ukuthi we wonke, vele akukho amanzi. Okwenza ubisi powder, manje sobala. Thina uqhubeke ukusebenzisa kwayo.

Lapho ukusebenzisa ubisi powder

Indlela yokwenza ubisi oluyimpuphu, sithole, manje bheka lapho isetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, kuvamile ezindaweni lapho kungekho kungenzeka yokuthola umkhiqizo okuqinile zemvelo. I powder is nje ziyoncibilika emanzini afudumele (endaweni Ingxenye 1 kuya ku-3), futhi ngemva kwalokho wasebenzisa nezinye izinjongo. Futhi, ubisi siyisisekelo ukwenziwa umntwana ukudla (ezomile ubisi iphalishi) kanye okuphakelayo amankonyane. Umkhiqizo kungatholakala emakethe khulula.

Mayelana ubisi kubhakwa

Kukhona olunye uhlobo kwalo mkhiqizo esisemqoka womuntu - ubisi kubhakwa. Impela, abaningi kithi ukuthi bayazibuza indlela yokwenza ubisi Baked. umehluko Kusuka lonke kuyinto ukunambitheka elikhethiwe pasteurization futhi khona alube. Inqubo iphethini elandelayo: ubisi lonke ixubene ukhilimu ukuthola ingxenyenamba mass fat feedstock 4 noma 6% (le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuzinza). Khona-ke ingxube kwaba homogenized (ku inqubo okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla) futhi pasteurization nge ephuza (amahora ama-4 ezingeni lokushisa 95-99 ° C). kwakhiwa Uma lokhu feedstock kuthiwa ngezikhathi zishukumiseleka ukuba ubuso bayo is ifilimu amaprotheni namafutha. Lokho ukuchayeka lokushisa eside kunomthelela ukubukeka ukhilimu -colored (ubisi noshukela ngenkuthalo baxhumana amino acid kwagcina kumiswe melanoidin uzipha luhlaza). Isinyathelo sokugcina - pholisa futhi bottling izigubhu ubisi olufudumele. Yilokho konke ukuhlakanipha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela toplenki (kangaka okuthiwa lolu hlobo ubisi edume) akhiqiza ryazhenka katyk futhi (uma esetshenziswa ukulungiselela ezihlukahlukene imvubelo ekugcineni etholwe elibilile ubisi umkhiqizo nge ukungaguquguquki obukhulu kanye ukunambitheka ubisi Baked).

Mayelana ubisi yesikimu

Isikhathi esining impela kule yobisi kungenziwa izitolo wathola emaphaketheni okudweba nombhalo othi "ubisi yesikimu". Kuyini lokhu? Empeleni, kuba ubisi ezivamile, engenawo amafutha, okungukuthi ngaphandle ukhilimu. Ngokuvamile, iphesenti fat akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-0.5%. Futhi kanjani ubisi olunamafutha amancane? Etholwe ukwehlukana umkhiqizo wawo uqinile amadivayisi ezikhethekile - separators. Kube kwenzeka ukwehlukana cream ubisi ngempoqo centrifugal. Umphumela uketshezi ephansi fat.

Ububanzi ubisi yesikimu

Ku-emaphaketheni yobisi njalo sibonise inani eliqondile fat ne amaprotheni ku umkhiqizo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthola ubisi nge okuqukethwe amanoni inkomo ethile ayinakwenzeka. Lesi sibalo akufani ngisho inkomo ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Njengoba izivakashi izindinganiso zabo nezimfuneko kufanele kujwayeleke ubisi yesikimu ukuthola okuqukethwe amafutha yi oyifunayo (2.5%, 3.2% noma 6%). Futhi, ubisi isetshenziswa ukwenziwa ephansi fat yogurt, cottage shizi noma yogurt. Ungakwazi ukuthenga ke ngefomu zahlanganiswa ngo yimuphi esitolo. Kuwufanele ke Yiqiniso, eshibhile kunokujwayelekile.

On ubisi kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo kungenziwa bangaphezi ukukhuluma. Ayikho uzibuze nathi kusukela ebuntwaneni, njalo wathi: "Phuza ubisi - kuyasiza kakhulu." Futhi kuyiqiniso, kuthathela ezimpilweni zethu - ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana uqinisekile sisetshenziswa esifubeni, waze wathola ingxenye yokuqala colostrum okunomsoco. Ngenxa obisini lukamama ku ingane kuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ingane ikhula futhi eba. Okumangazayo ukuthi ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, lihlangabezana ngokugcwele izidingo ingane emanzini, izakhi, amavithamini namaminerali. Ngokuqinisekile uma noma ubani kithi waphawula ukuthi ngesisekelo okunomsoco enempilo futhi efanele zihlale ubisi nobisi imikhiqizo. Ukuze ezikhulayo abantwana ushizi ewusizo kakhulu, has a lot of calcium, kudingeka ukuze amathambo ukukhula namazinyo enempilo. odokotela Asebekhulile batuse ukukufaka ubisi yakho yokudla, ngoba amathambo kule nkathi ukuphila ngokushesha ulahlekelwe calcium. Zithanda noma zingathandi, lo mkhiqizo lubaluleke. Kulesi sihloko, sabuka, kulokho ukwenza ubisi, okuyinto ubheka khona kuka kuyasiza. Ngokuqinisekile ozifundile eziningi ezintsha nezithakazelisayo ngokwakho. Hlala uphilile!