"LasePaks" - esikhungweni samandla enuzi e-Hungary (Photo)

Ukutholakala kukagesi kwanoma yimaphi amandla ukunikeza ukusebenza ungaphazanyiswa nokunokwethenjelwa zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene amandla. Idatha izinto yabakhanga hhayi kuphela izisebenzi ezikhethekile lobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi abaholi bezwe phezulu, ngoba ukusebenza evamile energy kagesi incike kokubili ezingeni wezomnotho nezenhlalakahle ukuthuthukiswa isimo, kanye ukhona evikelekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizobe sesibheka "lasePaks" - izitshalo amandla enuzi elise Hungary.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Okokuqala qiniseka uqaphele ukuthi lesi siteshi nguye kuphela ukuthi sisasebenza ezweni Magyar. "LasePaks" (NPP) asuswe dolobha, amakhilomitha 100, no-5 kuphela km ukusuka edolobheni eponymous, elinabantu abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili. I-giant zezimboni kwadalwa onjiniyela kweSoviet futhi yonke yokusebenza sikhungo sayo samanje kukhona ngokuphelele uhlobo olufanayo - VVER-440.

Imininingwane zomlando

"LasePaks" (NPP) Yaqala "ukuphila" walo ku kakade ngempela kude nathi Agasti 1974. Kulapho abakhi waqala ukwakhiwa esigabeni sokuqala, esasihlanganisa amandla amayunithi ezimbili. yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba kamuva - ngo-October 1983 - ibutho lokuqala wethulwa, futhi kamuva ngonyaka kwaba futhi block yesibili.

Ukwakhiwa esigabeni kwesibili kwaqala ngo-1979, futhi ngo-1986 ngafakwa ukusebenza iyunithi isibalo sezinto ezintathu. Novemba 1987 wabona uxhumano inombolo iyunithi 4.

Ngokuvamile, inembile inkulumo ethi "LasePaks" (NPP) Kwakuwusuku esakhiweni esithile, wakhe ubuhanjelwe angaphezu kuka-110 ezihlukahlukene izinhlangano kanye namabhizinisi. Konke okwakukhona ngamazwe. Ukuze uhlinzeke amathuluzi, ukwakhiwa ngqo, ethwele omningi zangaphambi kokuthuma nokufakwa kokuqondisa ehola ochwepheshe ezivela kula mazwe Kwakuhileleke eJalimane, ePoland, eCzechoslovakia, eBulgaria, eHungary. Ngenxa yemizamo yokuthi bonke ongoti abasebenza, "lasePaks» NPP IAEA izilinganiso yaziwa njengenye omunye izitshalo best of lolu hlobo lonke ezwekazini laseYurophu.

izinkomba Technical

NPP "Paksi" (Hungary) kodwa has ezine amandla, amandla ngamunye okuyinto ku ezahlukene 500 MW. Inani energy kagesi ezivezwa kulesi siteshi, imayelana 40% umthamo Imininingwane ezitholakalayo ezweni lakini.

block ngasinye siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo esemqoka:

• Amanzi-amanzi ophendulayo, nesebenzela ngu neutrons ezishisayo.
• Six umusi ugesi, bakhiqize bafike kumathani angu-450 ihora ayegcwele, umusi ezomile ngalunye ngesikhathi ukucindezela 4.7 MPA.
• Six futha kwegazi, umsebenzi kabani main ukuqinisekisa okuqhubekayo kokupholisayo ukugeleza.
• Nambili yomdabu livaleke-off valve zikhutshaziwe lapho loop kunesidingo.
• ophephela amayunithi ezimbili aguqulayo ngqo ukushisa amandla angaguqulwa abe ugesi.

Reconstruction and sesimanje

Ekupheleni kuka-2014, phakathi koMbuso Corporation "Rosatom" futhi "lasePaks» NPP e-Hungary Isivumelwano esasayinwa ukwakhiwa kanye ngokubeka ukusebenza amayunithi ezintsha. Ngokolwazi wamemezela ingqikithi izimali kuhlelwe lo mcimbi ngeke angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12,5-euro. Ngo nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuthi ukubhaliswa idokhumenti phakathi Russia nase-Hungary, isivumelwano wabulawa ngesisekelo lapho Russian Federation eyisibambiso ukunikeza 10-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ukuqeda ukwakha esiteshini njengoba loan. Ukwakhiwa amayunithi ngqo inombolo 5 kanye nenombolo 6 uzoqala ngo 2018. Ngokusho uhlelo olukhona, block yesihlanu kuyodingeka ume emgqeni in 2023, eyesithupha - eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Amandla ngamunye imithombo emisha amandla kuyoba 1200 megawatts.

Yekuchumana kuthengiselana

Ngakho, Hungary liyadingeka ukuthola imali ngaphandle kwenzalo ukuze uqale ukubuyela kungakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva ukwethulwa amayunithi ukusebenza. Kumelwe imali ebolekiwe engu-21. Kulokhu, eminyakeni eyishumi nanye lokuqala inkokhelo yenzalo phezu loan ngeke idlule 4%. Ngemva ezimbili kuzokhulisa: kuqala, kuze 4.5%, futhi kamuva - ku-4.9%.

-Daylight ezingu-15 emsebenzini umjikelezo

Ekupheleni 2015 kokuqondisa-athomu Hungary inike imvume esiteshini ezichazwe ku ukusetshenziswa fuel, okuzokwenza ezingeni nokunonophala isivele 4.7%, hhayi 4.2%, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amayunithi ezine inkampani amandla izosebenza emjikelezweni entsha izinyanga ezingu-15.

izigameko

Ngokusobala, akudingekile ukukuchazela okwengeziwe, "lasePaks kanjani yingozi» NPP. Ingozi ke, ngeshwa, namanje kubonakala kuseduze. April 10, 2003, ngesikhathi ukuqaliswa kuhlelwe umsebenzi wokulungisa block wesibili isiqephu iphutha, eyagcina wathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu zokuqeda nemiphumela. Ingqikithi yalo sigameko kuyehla yokuthi emgodleni ilimele fuel yesifunda ngesikhathi chemical yabo ukuhlanzwa ngokukhethekile aboshelwe le ethangini. Umsebenzi wenziwa uma sicabangela Areva nobuchwepheshe amafemu. Ngenhlanhla, kokweqa ukungcoliswa kuvunyelwe uyakwazisa salotshwa ngaphandle zone yezimboni esiteshini. Ngesisekelo izenzakalo zenuzi ngamazwe sikala izinga sesithathu ingozi wanikezwa.

Impikiswano kanye mpikiswano

project "lasePaks NPP-2" Yaba ngokwanele sina isikhubekiso phakathi kwe-European Union Government of Hungary. Njengoba ngaphambili sabikwa ezindabeni, i-European Commission kwenziwe esikhathini esingamahora anga-uphenyo yesibonelelo sikahulumeni umsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa onokwethenjelwa amabhlogo amabili yesimanje esiteshini. Ngenxa yalokho sikaNgqongqoshe uhulumeni Hungarian Yanosh Lazar, yonke imibuzo kanye nemininingwane on lolu daba luxazululwe, i-nezithiyo unqobe. Ngokusho kwakhe, Hungary uye kunakwe kokuma lozakwethu zaseYurophu futhi wenza konke ukuze izithakazelo bonke labo abathintekayo in the project bathunjelwa akhawunti ngangokunokwenzeka.

By the way, ochwepheshe Hungarian kwemvelo futhi wazama zonke izindlela ukuvimbela kokusebenza kwesivumelwano ku ukwakhiwa amabhlogo yesimanje. Ngokombono wabo, isingeniso kuhlelwe umthamo high nomthelela omubi kakhulu emnothweni, kusukela amandla akhishwa ngale ndlela ibiza kakhulu futhi ziyokuthuthukisa kakhulu degree of ukwencika Hungary kusukela Russian Federation, kanjalo phansi ubukhosi.

scandal

UNobhala State of Hungary Zoltan Kovacs ukuthi ulwazi enyatheliswa iphephandaba laseBrithani-Financial Times mayelana Ukuvinjwa nezinsolo EU Isivumelwano phakathi Russia nase-Hungary ku ukwakhiwa amabhlogo ezintsha kule "lasePaks" NPP Kuyinto engalungile futhi ayihambisani isimo sangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inceku civil waphoqelela kushicilelwe lesi ukuphikisa Albion ethandwa.

Ubufakazi obengeziwe kanjani konke ukunakwa egxile "lasePaks" NPP, okuyinto wabeka isithombe esihlokweni singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela ukweba kwakwakhiwa lomqondisi laptop esiteshini. Le khompyutha siqu ephathekayo aqukethe ulwazi olubucayi yenkampani noma oluphathelene naye lowo sesimanje kuhlelwe lalesi sikhungo senuzi. Inhloko inkampani elahlekile umsizi walo digital ngesikhathi, lapho ngiya emhlanganweni ibhizinisi maphakathi Budapest washiya imoto isikhashana, kokushiya ngaphakathi izimpahla zakhe siqu.

Izinga ukubaluleka inkontileka ukuze kwakhiwe amayunithi ukuze Hungary kungenziwa kulinganiselwa futhi yilo umbandela: iningi lamavoti ePhalamende isimo zavotela ukubona ezinye izinto idili imfihlo nge Russia ku ukwakhiwa block pair omusha iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. On isiqinisekiso ephalamende, le Kwakucatshangwa nje isuke ibangelwa injongo thembeke ukuvikela izithakazelo zezwe nokuvikeleka yezwe.

Ukuxoxela abanye okuhlangenwe nakho

Ehlobo lika-2015 amalungu Ithimba likahulumeni, iphethwe umqondisi wocwaningo lwezindaba zenuzi "lasePaks" inkampani amandla, wavakashela eMoscow iforamu "Atomexpo", ikakhulukazi - ukuma Belarusian sokuphehla amandla enuzi. Lokhu kuvakashelwa kwakufike uqondakala kahle, ngoba ukwakhiwa into e Belarus siyafana kuhlelwe eHungary.