Far Eastern sesitimela: Umlando kanye nezici

Far Eastern sesitimela - main umgibeli nempahla umzila ukuxhumanisa maphakathi eRussia ezindaweni ezakhelene ePacific Ocean. Okwamanje, ukubaluleka lo mugqa kunzima overestimate. Kusasele iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu yomlando we-Far Eastern sesitimela libaluleke hhayi kuphela for abathanda, kodwa yathinta nayo yonke ezinakekelayo esidlule wezwe lakithi.

Hindsight

Umqondo ukwakhiwa kojantshi entsha khona isikhathi eside - kakhulu welulela babe zokuxhumana, thiya ukulethwa kwezimpahla emazweni akude ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Ngo-1886, uMbusi-Jikelele Eastern eSiberia naseMpumalanga Amur esifundeni bafakwa phambili iziphakamiso ukwakha besitimela okuningi kusuka saseTomsk futhi Vladivostok kwezindawo ezazihlala akude. Maphakathi no-1887 kulesi siphakamiso isivele kuxoxwe ngazo emhlanganweni ezikhonzayo endaweni iningizimu yeSiberia wathunyelwa ubunjiniyela uhambo ukuba bahlole kungenzeka yephrojekthi nokutadisha isikhathi ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe.

Iphayona futhi unjiniyela

Far Eastern Railways ukweleta kakhulu ngomunye wabokuqala onjiniyela yayo. Igama abakhi lokuqala Far Eastern sesitimela uye uvele undeservedly ukhohliwe. Futhi kwaba Alexander Ivanovich Ursati wathola ilungelo ngowokuqala ukudlula zonke elide kusukela Comtal ukuze Vladivostok. ngezindlela ezahlukene belibangise endleleni eya emizaneni amancane amapaki abayizithulu ayimizulane, ujantshi unjiniyela ukwakha umzila futhi wafundelwa sezwe lapho izobanjelwa Far Eastern sesitimela. Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje, awukho nowodwa umbuso iziteshi ujantshi umugqa akuyona ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project

Ekuqaleni, kuhlelwe ukwakhiwa kukajantshi wesitimela eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Ussuri. Okunjalo isihloko yena iwine elikhulu Ussuri River, ogeleza udlule indawo enkulu Primorsky Krai - basuka eKhabarovsk ukuze Vladivostok. Endaweni ehlukile, iziza ezimbili Kwahlelwa ukuba umugqa: North Ussuriiskaya ingxenye legatsha imbozwe Art. Grafskaya ukuze eKhabarovsk. Isigaba eningizimu Kwakuhlelwe ukuhola kusukela esiteshini esifanayo Vladivostok. kubekwa Nemikhosi we wesitimela Owokuqala waba ngo-1891 e Vladivostok, phambi asebukhosini namalungu eKhabhinethi. Itshe kwase kubekwe isisekelo phezu Vladivostok esiteshini Tsarevich Nicholas - Ngokuzayo uMbusi uNicholas II yeRussia.

Eyokuqala izigaba

Ngo 1892, laseRussia laqala ukuqondisa ukwakhiwa nojantshi. Inhloko iphrojekthi wabelwa OP Vyazemsky - umakhi abanolwazi osesebenze iminyaka engamashumi amathathu e Abakwasidlodlo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia. Ngezinye amasayithi akhethiwe, umsebenzi onguthelawayeka eyalwa ukuba ahole ama abathweswa iziqu Petersburg Isikhungo sesitimela Onjiniyela. Ukuthuthwa izinto ezidingekayo babekwa asizayo ewubhuqu, kamuva elaba ezibalulekile sezimoto imithambo kunazo zonke Territory Primorsky.

kungazelelwe Inkinga eyinhloko kuvela indaba ukwakhiwa emisebentini. Abantu bendawo ayemancane kakhulu - sasidinga ukuba iziboshwa wadingiswa futhi amasosha. Ngo-1895 inani labantu idonsa izigwebo zayo ngenxa yezizathu lobugebengu kanye nangesimo sezepolitiki, waba kungathi izinkulungwane 11. Man. Kubo, amakamu unomphela Kwamiswa, ehlanganisa emabhalekisini, izakhiwo kwemibhoshongo Ukuvikelwa, izindlu zokugeza, yokudlela kanye nokuhlolwa. Kepha lamabutho, zazithuthwa ulwandle eside indlela yaseningizimu esuka Odessa ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic nase-Indian Ocean. Ukubhukuda kuthatha izinyanga eziningana, ephelezelwa Ukuvutha eziwumshayabhuqe ezishisayo. Sasilibangise kwaba Vladivostok.

Ngenxa yalo msebenzi ongenabugovu of amasosha neziboshwa ngo-1894 wafakwa ukusebenza Yuzhno-Ussuri legatsha umgwaqo, kodwa futhi engxenyeni esenyakatho umzila yaqedwa ngemva kweminyaka emithathu. Far Eastern sesitimela olwaluhlanganisa esifundeni Amur kanye neMpumalanga Ekude, zaba khona.

zezitimela

Ussuriysk umgwaqo omdala e inguqulo yasekuqaleni kwadingeka iziteshi 39. Phakathi kwabo - esiteshini Ruzhino eyasungulwa abasuka Ukraine, Art. Manzovka (okwamanje Sibirtsevo), Art. Busse, ogama lakhe behlonipha isiphathimandla Russian nomhloli wamazwe N. V Busse Ekude. Ungakhohlwa abahloli futhi onjiniyela civil: amagama LM Rozengarda VS Ilovaisky V. Gedike abizwa izigaba basuka eKhabarovsk ukuze bikinis. Futhi manje-Far Eastern sesitimela has 358 iziteshi ezisebenza izigaba ithrekhi ehlukile.

izici wezoMnotho kanye kwendawo Far Eastern sesitimela

Okwamanje, Far Eastern sesitimela has cishe 7470 km ubude yezindlela wabo ukusebenza okuqhubekayo zingaphezu 6000 km. Ngokokuma kwezwe, leli onguthelawayeka sidlula izifunda ezinhlanu Far East - Amur AD, Jewish Autonomous Region, Abasensimini Primorsky naseKhabarovsk, it has amagatsha e-Republic of Sakha. Ithonya lawo kuhlakazeka kwezinye izifunda Ekude. Nje-Far Eastern ithonya ndawo kuka 40% wendawo WaseRussia.

Far Eastern Ujantshi izungezwe Hani esiteshini East laseSiberia wesitimela iziteshi ku nokushaya Arkhara ohlanganiswe Zabayskalskoy ujantshi. Kanye ubude konke endleleni yayo zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine, okuyinto sibhekwa yiminyango ehlukene, munye ngaphansi isambulela "Far Eastern sesitimela." EKhabarovsk - UMnyango NOD1, Vladivostok - NOD2, Komsomolsk - NOD3 futhi Tynda - NOD4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Far Eastern sesitimela evamile ihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko - course enyakatho latitudinal futhi main. Basuke zixhunywe elula elincane ithrekhi rokadnymi: Komsomolsk-Volochaevka-2, Tynda-Sturm, Lime-Urgal. Lokhu kukuvumela ukudala Logistics ngohide lonke leli pheshana.

Kude ukubaluleka ujantshi

izici Baseline Ekude Eastern sesitimela ukunikeza nesizathu sokucabanga njengomunye Logistics ezinkulu kanye nemizila umgibeli esifundeni. Eminyakeni engu-2015 ezindleleni Ekude Eastern sesitimela uhanjiswe ezingaphezu kuka-42 eziyinkulungwane. Amathani wezimpahla abantu mayelana 5000 baye bazuza eMpumalanga Ekude inkonzo komgwaqo njengoba abagibeli. Backbone inikeza ukuthuthwa ukubaluleka ezifuywayo international - operation wayo obushelelezi eJapane osomabhizinisi nesithakazelo, Mongolia, Korea China, okuyinto ukudayisa imikhiqizo yabo ezweni lethu. ukuphathwa wezimpahla Kwenziwa kusukela esiyinkimbinkimbi esilawula izinto olulodwa elise emzini eKhabarovsk.

Far East ujantshi Umthambo ngokufanelekile unendima okuholela kule simo ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla zithunyelwa futhi amazwe, iyiphi i-akhawunti cishe ingxenye yesithathu Imininingwane yizimpahla sezimoto kuleli Russian Federation futhi ezingaphezu kuka ingxenye yesine ka-Transit imikhiqizo amazwe nalamanye emave. Ngenxa Logistics kulayini DVZhD Office libike ukuthi ngo-2016 Ekude Eastern imizila onguthelawayeka sihlelelwe ukuthutha amathani angaphezu kuka-116 million of wezimpahla ikheli ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean nezimbobo. Amathrendi Evumayo ekukhuleni ukuhweba nomakhelwane wayo osempumalanga singathembela ukubikezela nokwanda okuphawulekayo izitimela esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kakhulu.

ukuphathwa

Kusukela ngomhla ka-2015 inani lezisebenzi Ekude Eastern sesitimela wayephezu 40 ayizinkulungwane. Abantu abaqashiwe enkonzweni lokhu onguthelawayeka. Lokhu onguthelawayeka inika abantu imisebenzi zendawo nethemba ngekusasa.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Far Eastern sesitimela ngokuqondile ilawulwe JSC "Railways Russian" futhi igatsha kwesakhiwo. UMphathi Far Eastern sesitimela kuthatha Maklygin 2015 N. Eholwa akhe zonke izindawo zokusebenza, nesebenzela Ekude Eastern sesitimela. Ikheli ehhovisi DVZhD - Komsomolsk-on-Amur, eKhabarovsk Territory. isilawuli abahlukahlukene indawo babe ngabaphathi.

ukuphepha Software

Ngokusho inhloko yabangamashumi ukuphathwa eKhabarovsk Far Eastern, ephephile ukusebenza kanye nokuvinjelwa izindlela ka Far Eastern sesitimela kuphambili ezinhlelweni zikaHulumeni. Ngo-2015, ku-imigwaqo zaseMpumalanga Ekude bhalisiwe eziphuthumayo 18, lapho abantu amathathu wabulawa. Zonke izingozi kwakungamadodana iphutha bashayeli abangafuni ukuthobela usebenze imoto nokwephulwa imithetho yomgwaqo.

Indawo nokuvikeleka kugasela indawo wakhethwa endleleni ngokusebenzisa Nogliki-Korsakov. Ukuziqhakambisa ngemiphumela non-ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha ujantshi traffic wafaka endaweni eqaphelekayo a izimoto ezimbalwa, abahlukaniswe kule ngozi. Ngakho wesitimela abasebenzela uzamile ukukhumbuza abashayeli kwezingozi lapho ahambe umshayeli owela zamathrekhi. Ngaphandle abasebenzi nengxenye isenzo traffic amaphoyisa nabasebenzi kanye nabamele "inkampani Ezokuthutha" kaMasipala ebumbeneko Enterprise.