Ibhizinisi, Umkhakha
Ukwakhiwa, ukulungisa kanye sesimanje zommbila eRussia
Zommbila uvame ukubizwa ngomshini isitoreji okusanhlamvu silos. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ezinjalo zihlanganisa eyamukelayo nokusingatha kwemikhiqizo yezolimo. Kusukela emafektri ezivamile futhi izinqolobane zommbila kuhluke ukuthi zenzelwe ukugcina inani elikhulu okusanhlamvu. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezifana kufanele sigcwaliswe, yebo, nesicelo ezithembekile ubuchwepheshe. Kungokufanayo uya ukuzilondoloza kanye sesimanje.
izibalo
Kuze kube manje, amandla ukugcina okusanhlamvu eRussia, ngeshwa, kukhona nokwesaba entulekayo. Ngokusho ucwaningo lwethu Rosstat, amandla ingqikithi silos, emafektri kanye CCH ekhona ezweni lethu, kuyinto amathani abangaba yizigidi ezingu-118. Ngokusemthethweni - ingaphezu iyadingeka ukugcina zonke eqoqwe emasimini sokuvuna RF. Nokho, amandla we-118 m mayelana 66 m eRussia zaba iziqukathi wezolimo kokuba design akusebenzi. Ezimweni eziningi, kuba emafektri izinqolobane, elakhiwa ngo-50 leminyaka eledlule. Lapho bajwayele njengoba isitoreji kulahleka kufike ku-20% okusanhlamvu okuvuniwe.
Empeleni siqu yasekhaya umthamo zezimboni isindala kakhulu (70%). Lapho lokhu okusanhlamvu zommbila Russia kuvame anemisila silo futhi ndlu ezakhiwe, akazange nezimfuneko zanamuhla kwezobuchwepheshe kanye yokudla.
Konke lokhu kuholela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu yokuvuna nokukhuphuka kwentengo izindleko isitoreji zokusanhlamvu. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga kuphela sesimanje zommbila esakhiwa ekhulwini wokugcina ungase ube eRussia noma ekwakheni izakhiwo ezintsha lokhu lunye.
A ezihlukahlukene ishede ezimbonini
Ngu aphoyintimenti zonke zommbila kungenziwa oluthathwa zibe:
okusanhlamvu-jikelele;
yokukhiqiza (ekuthuthukiseni ngokuvamile eduze izitshalo akhiqiza okusanhlamvu);
ukulayisha kabusha (etholakala eduze w ISIZINDA / d noma izimbobo);
isimo, eyenzelwe isitoreji zokusanhlamvu izinqolobane.
Kukhona futhi ezikhethekile isitoreji kokudla kwezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Russia namuhla, futhi ukukhiqiza ezimisiwe zommbila umthamo ezincane, elakhelwe amapulazi amancane kanye naphakathi.
nezinye izinhlobo
Ngenhla babe izinhlobo ezinkulu silos. Nokho, igama elithi "ikheshi" kunencazelo ebanzi. Sebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana bengayi kuphela isitoreji kwemikhiqizo yezolimo. Ngokwesibonelo, okusanhlamvu zikhathi zokuzivivinya kuthiwa kokusiphakamisela imishini kufakwe lokugoqa kwemibhoshongo ngoba ebambe bezinhlamvu. Ikhipha abakubonisayo umzimba omkhulu imbobo phakathi nendawo. Uma zenqaba Rig izingozi ezinkulu zenzeka. Futhi ngakho nokugcinwa nokulungiswa imishini imishini kufanele sigcwaliswe, yebo, ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.
Olunye uhlobo zommbila asetshenziswa bafudumale izinhlelo. Ezakhiwe yalolu hlobo ahloselwe ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa uhlelo ezingeni evamile. Mela zommbila linesizotha Ukushisa amaphampu angadingi amandla wokufaka kusukela ngaphandle. Ngenxa isakhiwo ayo ekhethekile, ngaphakathi okuyinto kukhona ukuxuba amanzi abandayo ukuze ashisayo.
Ububi imishini enjalo ngokuyisisekelo ukungakwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa kwe-kokupholisayo kwayo kuleyo ndawo yokuhweba. Ngakho namuhla ngokuvamile kwenziwa sesimanje Ukushisa uhlelo nge ikheshi ngu zokuhlanganisa ku ukuklanywa drive. Kugcine unesibopho ukuhamba Isigaxa inaliti, uma kufaneleka umlomo wombhobho Ukuvalwa kudivayisi. Ngenxa khona yayo, kuba nokwenzeka ukulungisa inani maqembu ngomzimba amanzi ikheshi.
Ukwakhiwa silos: Izici
Drilling futhi zommbila adjustable yizici ezibalulekile ekuklanyweni tower ne bafudumale izinhlelo. Nokho, ngokuvamile kakhulu lo mqondo is akukaqondakali ukuthi yayithola okusanhlamvu okuningi. Ngakho-ke okunye cabanga ngokuningiliziwe indlela ukwakhiwa, ukulungisa kanye sesimanje izinhlelo ezinjalo.
Noma yimuphi zommbila sihlanganisa ukusebenza USilo umbhoshongo. Sokwakha isakhiwo esinjalo zingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene. Nokho, kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe kulolu isitini injongo noma ukhonkolo. Roof, amafasitela nezicabha silos uhlele ngendlela aluqede ngokuphelele kungenzeka engene isitoreji umswakama. Paul ungangenisi amanzi saziso ukuvikela okusanhlamvu amanzi phansi.
Ukwakha USilo njalo esisekelweni setshe. Kulokhu phansi phansi kuqala kwemibhoshongo lwajula at 80-250 cm. Yini ngokuyinhloko benza kanjalo ngenxa isidingo ukuvumelanisa amadivayisi eyamukelayo nakuzingxenyekazi w / ezokuthutha d komgwaqo.
Ngaphezu ukukhiqizwa izindawo (beluthumela, elawulwa kude, nokunye. D.), in kwemibhoshongo zokusebenza sokuxazulula silos. Ahloselwe isitoreji langempela amabele. Ngokuvamile, ukwakhiwa kuhilela ukufakwa zommbila 2-3 silos ezinkulu. Letakhi tingentiwa metal noma ukhonkolo.
Ngaphezu silo, hopper ogibele zommbila, eklanyelwe okusanhlamvu. Kusukela Silo yabo ingafani ukuthi asikhumbuza wagumbuqela phansi mbhoshongo.
Industrial isitoreji imishini
zommbila Ukwakhiwa Charge onguchwepheshe lolu hlobo umsebenzi inkampani. Lezi zinkampani ngokuvamile afeza zonke imishini ezidingekile izinqolobane. Ngaphandle silos kanye imigqomo, umbhoshongo ingafakwa, isibonelo:
nokuhlanzwa ukwakha (separators skalperators);
Nenshisekelo uhlelo (ukususwa amanyela ukukhanya);
Flow izikali.
Ukuhambisa Amahhovisi wokudla izinqolobane zenziwe zommbila (ngamakheshi) futhi abathutha ngamacebo ezahlukene.
Umgomo we operation ye ikheshi
Inqubo yokukhiqiza kwanoma iyiphi izinqolobane kuhlanganisa le nqubo elandelayo esemqoka:
ukwamukelwa yamabele;
ukucutshungulwa yayo (omiswe bese yokuhlanza);
isitoreji;
iholide umthengi.
Ngesikhathi ethola ekupheleni okusanhlamvu ikheshi oyi-ihlelwa ezicini eziningana (izinga, degree umswakama noma udoti futhi t.). Ngo ukusebenza yayo umbhoshongo kuhlaziywe, sihlanza omisiwe futhi wathumela kusitoreji nge elihambayo. Ukuthunyelwa yokusanhlamvu silos e railcars ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa diplegs noma usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile.
Ukulungisa of zommbila: Izici
Njengoba imishini yokugcina okusanhlamvu ezimweni eziningi isebenzisa ubudala, ukuze inhlangano yesondlo yayo futhi ukulungisa kufanele wasondela ngendlela efanele. Ngakho, kungenzeka, nakuba kancane kuphela, kodwa namanje ngcono ikhwalithi isitoreji imikhiqizo yezolimo kanye zokunciphisa ukulahleka esiphansi.
Ngokuvamile, zommbila kufanele bafeze lezi zinhlobo ukulungiswa, ezifana:
Ukubekwa uphawu inter-panel emalungeni izindawo. Ngaphansi kwethonya ongemuhle emvelweni izici amalunga isitoreji silos kancane kancane zikhubazekile futhi ubhujiswe.
USilo Yokuhlanza uphawu imifantu e izindonga zawo. Umklamo ngalesi sikhathi esibekiwe ukuze nezinqolobane zommbila njalo ngaphansi imithwalo okunzima evundla mpo, okuholela zonke izinhlobo zamehlo. imifantu Embedded ezindongeni Silo ngokuvamile besebenzisa esigqulweni usimende-isihlabathi. It kungabuye kukhiqizwa futhi eqinisa silos nge gilzovaniya.
amafasitela yomiselela nokuqeda zobuchwepheshe mezhsilosnyh oversleeping.
Ukubuyiselwa amandla Ukuthela kwagcizelela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo.
Ukulungisa uphahla ne-mastic.
Ukulungisa of ukupholisa izinhlelo.
Painting kwezakhiwo nemishini
Yiqiniso, kufanele kube omile isitoreji silos njalo. ebusweni Ukhonkolo kuyahluka porosity futhi angase abe sebuningini microcracks. Ukuze avimbele ukwanda komoya umswakama ngaphakathi isitoreji, izindonga zawo kufanele ngezikhathi ibala. Kulokhu, kufanele usebenzise ngokuhlaziya upende okhethekile.
Yiqiniso, edwetshwe zommbila kudingeka esitolo ngokwabo hhayi kuphela. Veza lokhu kwelashwa kufanele usethe futhi imishini zasendlini: .. dryers, zokuthutha, ebhakedeni zommbila, njll Ukuze umelane imiklamo efana wayevame ukusebenzisa silverfish.
Imivuzo yesikhathi sesimanje
Ukulungisa, okwenza abanye ukunciphisa okusanhlamvu ukulahlekelwa ngaleso ikheshi esakhiwa ekhulwini elidlule. Nokho, ukuze wenze inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngendlela eshelela ngangokunokwenzeka, yebo, kuphela ngokwenza eyohlinzwa ezifana sesimanje zommbila nokwenza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo zabo. Njengoba sekushiwo, izinto eziningi imishini kanye izakhiwo etholakala Russian Federation, le izinqolobane akusebenzi. Ekutholeni imivuzo yesikhathi sesimanje eyakhelwe ezinsukwini zokugcina zommbila ekhulwini Ngaleyo ndlela, kungaba kubhekwe:
ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokubandula isitoreji wokusanhlamvu;
ukwandisa kukagesi;
ubungcono isitoreji okusanhlamvu kwemvelo;
ithuba ecacile ukuqapha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza yonke iminyango, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwehla inani lezisebenzi ezihilelekile.
Yesimanje zommbila eRussia: esikhundleni imishini
Isethi ye izinyathelo ezihlose iqhakambisa ukusebenza kwe-yayithola okusanhlamvu okuningi ubudala, ingase ihlanganise imisebenzi elandelayo:
ukwandisa omiswe umthamo;
izindlela esikhundleni ezokuthutha zanamuhla;
isitoreji esingeziwe imishini futhi amaphuzu ethola;
indawo esiphelelwe Thermo entsha.
Futhi sesimanje zommbila futhi ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuqedwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo izinkinga zezenhlalo. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, ukuntuleka ukukhanyisa, uthuli, khona okusanhlamvu zezinsimbi eduze imishini yokusebenza, nokunye. D. izinqolobane Ngezinye izikhathi kabusha futhi wenza inqubo efana ezinjenge kwezakhiwo.
Isidingo nesimanje thermometry izinhlelo
Isisetshenziswa yalolu hlobo ivuliwe omunye zommbila main. Kuyinto kusuka operation wayo obushelelezi kuxhomeke kakhulu ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezolimo. Iqiniso lokuthi kokusanhlamvu silos ngokuvamile kakhulu into enjalo ephambene self-Ukushisa ngenxa umswakama ngokweqile.
Uma weqa izinga lokushisa sivumelekile ku kwezakhi, ukulondoloza izinyathelo yezolimo okufanele zithathwe ngokushesha. Ngeshwa, iningi amacala ikheshi thermometry uhlelo usuku futhi akusebenzi futhi zidinga ukushintshwa noma ngcono.
Izici kokuthuthukisa indawo elawula uhlelo
Ukwakhiwa kabusha imishini ekhona yayithola okusanhlamvu okuningi yalolu hlobo ngokuvamile ikuvumela:
ngokushesha ukuthola ulwazi olunembile mayelana lokushisa ezingqimbeni ezihlukahlukene isisindo agcinwe;
ngokushesha futhi kalula sihlaziye yonke idatha;
Gcina zomlando laba nezilinganiso.
Yesimanje zommbila eqala inhlangano izinhlobo ezahlukene zokulawula. ethandwa kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, it is a imishini thermometric ezisebenza ngesisekelo izinzwa analog. Ngo inqubo ukuqaliswa kwe yokugcina, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wavumela ukusetshenziswa etholakalayo kakade isizukulwane esedlule sakwa-ukumiswa ikheshi.
Ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo ukuqapha kulekelelwa izinqolobane futhi bangakhathaleli muntu sokungahloniphi izinzwa digital. Kunoma ikuphi zingenziwa ngezigaba, ngaphandle kokudinga izinguquko inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngenxa yokuntula izimali sesimanje ezishintshayo imishini thermometric.
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